文言文	现代汉语	English
孝宣皇帝，武帝曾孙，戾太子孙也。	汉宣皇帝，是汉武帝的曾孙，戾太子的孙子。	Emperor Hsiao-hsüan was the great-grandson of Emperor Wu and the grandson of Heir-apparent Li, [Liu Chü].
太子纳史良娣，生史皇孙。	戾太子娶了史良娣，生下史皇孙。	The Heir-apparent married the Sweet Little Lady [née] Shih, who bore [Liu Chin], the Imperial Grandson [whose mother was née] Shih.
皇孙纳王夫人，生宣帝，号曰皇曾孙。	史皇孙娶了王夫人，生下宣帝，当时称他为皇曾孙。	The Imperial Grandson married the Lady [née] Wang, who bore Emperor Hsüan. He was [at that time] called the Imperial Great-grandson.
生数月，遭巫蛊事，太子、良娣、皇孙、王夫人皆遇害。	生下几个月后，遭遇巫蛊事件，太子、良娣、皇孙、王夫人都被杀害。	Several months after his birth, there happened the witchcraft and black magic case, and the Heir-apparent, his Sweet Little Lady, the Imperial Grandson, and the Lady [née] Wang all met with [the extreme] misfortune.
语在《太子传》。	相关情况记载在《太子传》中。	A discussion is in the "Memoir of the Heir-apparent".
曾孙虽在襁褓，犹坐收系郡邸狱。	曾孙虽然还在襁褓之中，也被牵连关入郡邸狱。	Although the [Imperial] Great-grandson was [a babe] carried on the back wrapped up, he was nevertheless sentenced and was arrested and held in the Prison at the Lodge for the Commanderies.
而邴吉为廷尉监，治巫蛊于郡邸，怜曾孙之亡辜，使女徒复作淮阳赵征卿、渭城胡组更乳养，私给衣食，视遇甚有恩。	当时邴吉担任廷尉监，在郡邸处理巫蛊案件，怜悯曾孙的无辜，让正在服刑的女犯淮阳人赵征卿、渭城人胡组轮流哺乳养育他，私下供给衣食，对待他很有恩德。	But Ping Chi, who was a Superintendent to the Commandant of Justice and had charge of the witchcraft and black magic [cases] at the Lodge for the Commanderies, pitied the [Imperial] Great-grandson because he was innocent, and directed [some] female convicts who had been exempted and were serving [their sentences, including] Chao Cheng-ch'ing of Huai-yang [Commandery] and Hu Tsu of Wei-ch'eng, in turn to suckle and care for him. [Ping Chi] privately provided his clothing and food, looked after him, and treated him with extreme kindness.
巫蛊事连岁不决。	巫蛊事件连年不能判决。	The witchcraft and black magic case was not definitely [ended] for many consecutive years.
至后元二年，武帝疾，往来长杨、五柞宫，望气者言长安狱中有天子气，上遣使者分条中都官狱系者，轻、重皆杀之。	到后元二年，武帝生病，在长杨宫、五柞宫之间往来，望气的人说长安的监狱中有天子气，武帝派遣使者分别通知中都官所管辖的监狱里的囚犯，无论罪行轻重都杀掉。	In the second year of [the period] Hou-yüan, Emperor Wu was ill and went back and forth between Ch'ang-yang [Palace] and Wu-tso Palace. A person who watched for emanations said that in the prisons at Ch'ang-an there was the emanation of a Son of Heaven, so the Emperor sent messengers separately to [each of] the prisons at the offices in the imperial capital to kill all those who were held [in prison, whether their crimes were] light or serious.
内谒者令郭穰夜至郡邸狱，吉拒闭，使者不得入，曾孙赖吉得全。	内谒者令郭穰夜里来到郡邸狱，邴吉关闭狱门拒绝他进入，使者不能进去，曾孙依靠邴吉得以保全性命。	The Chief of the Internuncios in the Inner [Courts], Kuo Jang, came by night to the Prison at the Lodge for Commanderies. [Ping] Chi resisted [him and] closed [the gates of the prison, so that] the messenger could not enter. [Thus], through the assistance of [Ping] Chi, the [Imperial] Great-grandson was saved alive.
因遭大赦，吉乃载曾孙送祖母史良娣家。	后来遇到大赦，邴吉就用车载着曾孙送到祖母史良娣家。	Thereupon there occurred a general amnesty. [Ping] Chi hence sent the [Imperial] Great-grandson in a carriage to the home of his [deceased] grandmother, the Sweet Little Lady [née] Shih.
语在吉及外戚《传》。	相关情况记载在《邴吉传》和《外戚传》中。	A discussion is in the "Memoirs of [Ping] Chi" and "of the [Imperial] Relatives by Marriage."
后有诏掖庭养视，上属籍宗正。	后来有诏书命令掖庭抚养照看曾孙，并把他的名字上报给宗正载入宗族名册。	Later there was an imperial order that [the Imperial Great-grandson] should be reared and cared for in the Lateral Courts [of the Imperial Palace] and should be entered upon the register of members [of the imperial house by] the Superintendent of the Imperial House.
时掖庭令张贺尝事戾太子，思顾旧恩，哀曾孙，奉养甚谨，以私钱供给教书。	当时掖庭令张贺曾经侍奉过戾太子，思念旧日的恩情，怜悯曾孙，侍奉供养非常谨慎，用自己的钱供给曾孙让他读书。	At that time the Chief of the Lateral Courts, Chang Ho, who had formerly served Heir-apparent Li, [Liu Chü], thought and reflected upon the kindness formerly [shown him by the Heir-apparent, and so] had compassion upon the [Imperial] Great-grandson and served and reared him very attentively. Out of his own money he furnished and provided for teaching him the writings.
既壮，为取暴室啬夫许广汉女。	曾孙长大成人后，张贺为他娶了暴室啬夫许广汉的女儿。	When he was grown, [Chang Ho provided for] marrying him to a daughter of the Bailiff in the Drying House, Hsü Kuang-han.
曾孙因依倚广汉兄弟及祖母家史氏。	曾孙于是依靠许广汉兄弟和祖母史家。	The [Imperial] Great-grandson was therefore attached to and relied upon [Hsü] Kuang-han and his brothers, together with his grandmother's family, the Shih clan.
受《诗》于东海澓中翁，高材好学，然亦喜游侠，斗鸡走马，具知闾里奸邪，吏治得失。	曾孙跟从东海郡的澓中翁学习《诗经》，他天资聪颖，喜好学习，然而也喜欢游侠之事，斗鸡走马，完全了解乡里的奸邪之事和官吏治理的得失。	He studied the Book of Odes with Fu Chung-weng of Tung-hai [Commandery]. He showed great ability and loved studying. He also delighted in roving braves, in cock-fighting, and in horse-racing. He was acquainted with all the undesirable elements of the hamlets and villages and with the accomplishments and defects in the government of the minor officials.
数上下诸陵，周遍三辅，常困于莲勺卤中。	他多次往返于各皇陵，走遍三辅地区，曾经在莲勺县的盐池一带受困。	He several times [participated in] the ascending and descending of the various imperial tombs, going all about the three capital commanderies. He was once in trouble at the salt beds of Lien-shao.
尤乐杜、鄠之间，率常在下杜。	他特别喜欢在杜县、鄠县之间活动，大多时候住在下杜。	He especially enjoyed himself in the region of Tu and Hu, and he was very commonly at Hsia-tu.
时会朝请，舍长安尚冠里，身足下有毛，卧居数有光耀。	当时逢年过节参加朝请，就住在长安的尚冠里，他全身和脚底都有毛，居住的地方常常有光彩照耀。	At the times when the spring and autumn courts were held, he dwelt in Shang-kuan Ward of Ch'ang-an. On his [whole] body and [even] on the bottoms of his feet there was hair. Where he slept and dwelt there were frequently lights and shinings.
每买饼，所从买家辄大雠，亦以是自怪。	每次买饼，他去的那家店就会生意兴隆，他自己也因此感到奇怪。	Whenever he bought cakes, each time the shop from which he bought made great sales. Because of these things, even he marvelled at himself.
元平元年四月，昭帝崩，毋嗣。	元平元年四月，昭帝去世，没有子嗣。	In the first year of [the period] Yüan-p'ing, in the fourth month, Emperor Chao died without an heir.
大将军霍光请皇后征昌邑王。	大将军霍光请求皇后征召昌邑王。	The General-in-chief, Ho Kuang, begged the Empress [née Shang-kuan] to summon the King of Ch'ang-yi, [Liu Ho].
六月丙寅，王受皇帝玺、绶，尊皇后曰皇太后。	六月丙寅日，昌邑王接受皇帝的玉玺和绶带，尊皇后为皇太后。	In the sixth month, on [the day] ping-yin, the King, [Liu Ho], received the Emperor's imperial seals and seal cords. He honored the Empress [née Shang-kuan] with the title, Empress Dowager.
癸巳，光奏王贺淫乱，请废。	癸巳日，霍光上奏说昌邑王刘贺淫乱，请求废黜他。	On [the day] kuei-szu, [Ho] Kuang memorialized that the King, [Liu] Ho, had committed fornication and disorderly conduct, and begged that he be dismissed.
语在贺及光《传》。	相关情况记载在《昌邑王贺传》和《霍光传》中。	A discussion is in the "Memoir of [Liu] Ho" together with that "of [Ho] Kuang."
秋七月，光奏议曰：“礼，人道亲亲故尊祖，尊祖故敬宗。	秋季七月，霍光上奏商议说：“按照礼制，人伦之道中因为亲近亲人所以尊敬祖先，因为尊敬祖先所以敬重宗族。	In the autumn, the seventh month, [Ho] Kuang memorialized [the results of the officials'] deliberations, saying, "According to the Rites, the Way of mankind is to love [especially] one's relatives. Hence people honor the founder of the house. Because they honor the founder of the house, they respect his successors.
大宗毋嗣，择支子孙贤者为嗣。	大宗没有子嗣，就选择旁支子孙中贤能的人作为继承人。	When the chief successor has no heirs, they select to be the heir a capable person from among the sons and grandsons of collateral branches [of the house].
孝武皇帝曾孙病已，有诏掖庭养视，至今年十八，师受《诗》、《论语》、《孝经》，操行节俭，慈仁爱人，可以嗣孝昭皇帝后，奉承祖宗，子万姓。”	孝武皇帝的曾孙刘病已，有诏书命令掖庭抚养照看，到现在十八岁了，从师学习《诗经》《论语》《孝经》，品行节俭，仁慈爱人，可以作为孝昭皇帝的继承人，奉承祖宗基业，以万民为子。”	"[Concerning] the great-grandson of Emperor Hsiao-wu, [Liu] Ping-yi, there was an imperial edict [ordering] that he be reared and cared for in the Lateral Courts. At present, he is in his eighteenth year. His teachers have taught him the Book of Odes, the Analects, and the Classic of Filial Piety. He has held to moderation and economy in his conduct; he is kind and benevolent and loves others, [so that] he is capable of serving as an heir to Emperor Hsiao-chao, of worshipping and serving the founder of the house and his successors, and of treating [the people of] the ten thousand families as his children."
奏可。	上奏被批准。	The memorial was approved [by the Empress Dowager née Shang-kuan].
遣宗正德至曾孙尚冠里舍，洗沐，赐御府衣。	派遣宗正刘德到曾孙在尚冠里的住处，让他沐浴，赏赐他御府的衣服。	The Superintendent of the Imperial House, [Liu] Tê, was sent to the residence of the [Imperial] Great-grandson in Shang-kuan Ward to bathe his body and wash his hair and grant him the [proper] garments from the imperial Wardrobe.
太仆以軨猎车奉迎曾孙，就齐宗正府。	太仆用軨猎车恭敬地迎接曾孙，到宗正府斋戒。	The Grand Coachman [was sent] with a hunting chariot to fetch the [Imperial] Great-grandson respectfully. [The latter] went to and purified himself in the yamen belonging to the Superintendent of the Imperial House.
庚申，入未央宫，见皇太后，封为阳武侯。	庚申日，曾孙进入未央宫，拜见皇太后，被封为阳武侯。	On [the day] keng-shen, he entered the Wei-yang Palace and visited the Empress Dowager [née Shang-kuan, who] enfeoffed him as Marquis of Yang-wu.
已而群臣奉上玺、绶，即皇帝位，谒高庙。	不久群臣献上玉玺、绶带，曾孙即皇帝位，拜谒高庙。	After [these ceremonies] had been completed, the various courtiers memorialized that she should deliver up to him the imperial seals and seal-cords and he ascended the imperial throne and paid his respects in the Temple of [Emperor] Kao.
八月已巳，丞相敞薨。	八月己巳日，丞相杨敞去世。	In the eighth month, on [the day] chi-szu, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Yang] Ch'ang, died.
九月，大赦天下。	九月，大赦天下。	In the ninth month, a general amnesty [was granted] to the empire.
十一月壬子，立皇后许氏。	十一月壬子日，立许氏为皇后。	In the eleventh month, on [the day] jen-tzu, the Empress née Hsü was established [as Empress].
赐诸侯王以下金钱，至吏、民鳏、寡、孤、独各有差。	赏赐诸侯王以下直至官吏、百姓中的鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老，各有不等的金钱。	And gold and cash were granted to the vassal kings and to those [ranking] below them, down to the [minor] officials and common people, and to widowers, widows, orphans, and childless, to each proportionately.
皇太后归长乐宫。	皇太后回到长乐宫。	The Empress Dowager [née Shang-kuan] returned to Ch'ang-lo Palace.
长乐宫初置屯卫。	长乐宫开始设置屯卫。	And for the first time there was established a garrison guard in Ch'ang-lo Palace.
本始元年春正月，募郡国吏、民訾百万以上徙平陵。	本始元年春季正月，招募郡国官吏、百姓中资产在一百万以上的人迁移到平陵。	In [the period] Pen-shih, the first year, in the spring, the first month, officials and common people whose property was one million [cash] and over were solicited to move to P'ing-ling.
遣使者持节诏郡国二千石谨牧养民而风德化。	派遣使者持节诏令郡国二千石官员谨慎地治理百姓，推行道德教化。	[The Emperor] sent messengers bearing credentials [to carry] an imperial edict to the [officials] in the commanderies and kingdoms [ranking at] two thousand piculs, [ordering them] diligently to shepherd and nurture the common people and cause them to develop in virtue through the "Odes of the States."
大将军光稽首归政，上谦让委任焉。	大将军霍光叩首请求归还政权，宣帝谦让，仍然委任他执政。	The General-in-chief, [Ho] Kuang, bent his head to the ground and returned the rule, [offering his resignation, but] the Emperor respectfully refused to accept it and delegated to him [again] the charge [of the government].
论定策功，益封大将军光万七千户，车骑将军光禄勋富平侯安世万户。	评定拥立皇帝的功劳，增加大将军霍光一万七千户的封邑，车骑将军光禄勋富平侯张安世一万户的封邑。	The merits [of those who] made the plan [for enthroning Emperor Hsüan] were discussed, [and so] seventeen thousand families were added to the enfeoffment of the General-in-chief, [Ho] Kuang, and ten thousand families to [that of] the General of Chariots and Cavalry and Superintendent of the Imperial Household, the Marquis of Fu-p'ing, [Chang] An-shih.
诏曰：“故丞相安平侯敞等居位守职，与大将军光、车骑将军安世建议定策，以安宗庙，功赏未加而甍。	下诏说：“已故丞相安平侯杨敞等人在位坚守职责，与大将军霍光、车骑将军张安世建议定下拥立大计，以安定宗庙，功劳赏赐还未施加就去世了。	The imperial edict said, "The former Lieutenant Chancellor, the Marquis of An-p'ing, [Yang] Ch'ang, and others, while performing their duties in their [respective] positions, together with
the General-in-chief, [Ho] Kuang, and the General of Chariots and Cavalry, [Chang] An-shih, initiated the proposal and fixed upon the plan [for the succession to the throne] in order to bring tranquillity to the [imperial] ancestral temples. Before a reward could be made for the merits [of the former person], he died.
其益封敞嗣子忠及丞相阳平侯义、度辽将军平陵侯明友、前将军龙雒侯增、太仆建平侯延年、太常蒲伺昌、谏大夫宜春侯谭、当涂侯平、杜侯屠耆堂、长信少府关内侯胜邑户各有差。	现增加杨敞的嗣子杨忠以及丞相阳平侯蔡义、度辽将军平陵侯范明友、前将军龙雒侯韩增、太仆建平侯杜延年、太常蒲侯苏昌、谏大夫宜春侯王谭、当涂侯平、杜侯屠耆堂、长信少府关内侯夏侯胜的封邑户数各有不等。	Let there be added to the enfeoffment of [Yang] Chung, the son and heir of [Yang] Ch'ang; to [the enfeoffments of] the Lieutenant Chancellor, the Marquis of Yang-p'ing, [Ts'ai] Yi; of the General Who Crosses the Liao [River], the Marquis of P'ing-ling, [Fan] Ming-yu; of the General of the Van, the Marquis of Lung-lo, [Han] Tseng; of the Grand Coachman, the Marquis of Chien-p'ing, [Tu] Yen-nien; of the Grand Master of Ceremonies, the Marquis of P'u, [Su] Ch'ang; of the Grandee remonstrant, the Marquis of Yi-ch'ü, [Wang] T'an; of the Marquis of Tang-t'u, [Wei] P'ing; of the Marquis of Tu, [Fu-lu] T'u-ch'i; and of the Privy Treasurer of the Ch'ang-hsin [Palace], the Kuan-nei Marquis, [Hsia-hou] Sheng;" to the estates and households of each proportionately.
封御史大夫广明为昌水侯，后将军充国为营平侯，大司农延年为阳城侯，少府乐成为爰氏侯，光禄大夫迁为平丘侯。	封御史大夫田广明为昌水侯，后将军赵充国为营平侯，大司农田延年为阳城侯，少府史乐成为爰氏侯，光禄大夫王迁为平丘侯。	[The Emperor] enfeoffed the Grandee Secretary, [T'ien] Kuang-ming, as Marquis of Ch'ang-shui; the General of the Rear, [Chao] Ch'ung-kuo, as Marquis of Ying-p'ing; the Grand Minister of Agriculture, [Tien] Yen-nien, as Marquis of Yang-ch'eng; the Privy Treasurer, [Shih] Lo-ch'eng, as Marquis of Yüan-shih; and the Imperial Household Grandee, [Wang] Ch'ien, as Marquis of P'ing-ch'iu.
赐右扶风德、典属国武、廷尉光、宗正德、大鸿胪贤、詹事畸、光禄大夫吉、京辅都尉广汉爵皆关内侯。	赏赐右扶风周德、典属国苏武、廷尉李光、宗正刘德、大鸿胪韦贤、詹事宋畸、光禄大夫丙吉、京辅都尉赵广汉爵位都是关内侯。	He granted to the Western Sustainer, [Chou] Tê; to the Director of Dependent States, [Su] Wu; to the Commandant of Justice, [Li] Kuang; to the Superintendent of the Imperial House, [Liu] Tê; to the Grand Herald, [Wei] Hsien; to the Supervisor of the Household, [Sung] Chi; to Imperial Household Grandee [Ping] Chi; and to the Chief Commandant to the Governor of the Capital, [Chao] Kuang-han, the noble rank of Kuan-nei Marquis.
德、武食邑。”	周德、苏武享有食邑。”	[Chou] Tê and [Su] Wu were given the income of estates."
夏四月庚午，地震。	夏季四月庚午日，发生地震。	In the summer, the fourth month, on [the day] keng-wu, there was an earthquake.
诏内郡国举文学高第各一人。	诏令内地郡国各自举荐文学高第一人。	An imperial edict [ordered] the inner commanderies and kingdoms each to recommend one Literary Scholar and one Person of High Standing.
五月，凤皇集胶东、千乘。	五月，凤凰聚集在胶东、千乘。	In the fifth month, male and female phoenixes perched in [the commanderies of] Chiao-tung and Ch'ien-ch'eng.
赦天下。	大赦天下。	An amnesty was granted to the empire.
赐吏二千石、诸侯相、下至中都官、宦吏、六百石爵，各有差，自左更至五大夫。	赏赐官吏二千石、诸侯相、下至中都官、宦官、六百石官员爵位，各有不等，从左更到五大夫。	And noble ranks, from [the rank of] Junior [Chieftain of] Conscripts to that of Fifth [Rank] Grandee, were granted to the officials [ranking at] two thousand piculs, to the chancellors of the nobles, and to those [ranking] lower, down to the officials and eunuchs in the offices at the imperial capital [ranking at] six hundred piculs, to each proportionately.
赐天下人爵各一级，孝者二级，女子百户牛、酒。	赏赐天下人爵位各一级，孝子二级，女子每百户赏牛、酒。	The common people of the empire were each granted one step in noble rank, the Filially Pious [were granted] two steps, the women of a hundred households [were granted] an ox and wine.
租税勿收。	租税不收。	And the land tax and tax on produce were not to be collected.
六月，诏曰：“故皇太子在湖，未有号谥、岁时祠。	六月，下诏说：“已故皇太子在湖县，没有谥号、每年按时祭祀。	In the sixth month, an imperial edict said, "The former Heir-apparent, [Liu Chü, who is buried] at Hu, has not yet any title nor posthumous name [for use at his] yearly and seasonal sacrifices.
其议谥，置园邑。”	商议确定谥号，设置园邑。”	Let it be discussed [what would be a proper] posthumous name, and let there be established a park and [funerary] town [for him]."
语在《太子传》。	相关记载在《太子传》中。	A discussion is in the "Memoir of the Heir-apparent."
秋七月，诏立燕剌王太子建为广阳王，立广陵王胥少子弘为高密王。	秋季七月，下诏立燕剌王太子刘建为广阳王，立广陵王刘胥的小儿子刘弘为高密王。	In the autumn, the seventh month, an imperial edict set up [Liu] Chien, the Heir-apparent of King La of Yen, [Liu Tan], to be King of Kuang-yang, and [Liu] Hung, a younger son of the King of Kuang-ling, [Liu] Hsü, to be King of Kao-mi.
二年春，以水衡钱为平陵，徙民起第宅。	本始二年春季，用水衡的钱修建平陵，迁移百姓兴建宅第。	In the second year, in the spring, the cash [in possession of the Chief Commandant of] Waters and Parks [was ordered to be used] for the P'ing Tomb; common people were moved [there] and residences were built.
大司农阳城侯田延年有罪，自杀。	大司农阳城侯田延年有罪，自杀。	The Grand Minister of Agriculture, the Marquis of Yang-ch'eng, T'ien Yen-nien, who had committed crimes, killed himself.
夏五月，诏曰：“朕以眇身奉承祖宗，夙夜惟念孝武皇帝躬履仁义，选明将，讨不服，匈奴远遁，平氐、羌、昆明、南越，百蛮乡风，款塞来享；	夏季五月，下诏说：“朕以微小之身继承祖宗大业，日夜思念孝武皇帝亲身践行仁义，选拔贤明将领，征讨不服从的人，匈奴远逃，平定氐、羌、昆明、南越，百蛮向往教化，叩塞前来朝贡；	In the summer, the fifth month, an imperial edict said, "We, with [Our] insignificant person, have respectfully succeeded to [the throne of Our] ancestors. Early and late [We] have been thinking and reflecting that Emperor Hsiao-wu personally practised benevolence and righteousness and selected brilliant generals to punish those who did not submit, [so that] the Huns fled afar. [Those generals] pacified the Ti-ch'iang, [so that] the [states of] K'un-ming, Nan-yüeh, and the many southern barbarians turned towards his influence, knocked at the barriers, and brought tribute.
建太学，修郊祀，定正朔，协音律；	建立太学，整治郊祀，确定正朔，协调音律；	He established the [Imperial] University, renewed the suburban and other sacrifices, fixed the beginning of the year, harmonized the [musical] notes and musical tubes.
封泰山，塞宣房，符瑞应，宝鼎出，白麟获。	封禅泰山，堵塞宣房，符瑞响应，宝鼎出现，捕获白麟。	He performed the [sacrifice] feng upon Mount T'ai, and made the Hsüan-fang [dyke]. Auspicious portents and presages [came in] response, the precious three-legged cauldron appeared, and the white unicorn was captured.
功德茂盛，不能尽宣，而庙乐未称，其议奏。”	功德盛大，不能尽述，而庙乐与功德不相称，商议后上奏。”	His merits and virtue are glorious and abundant, so that they cannot be completely related. Yet the music in his temple is not adequate [to glorify him properly]. Let [this matter] be discussed [and the results of the discussion] memorialized."
有司奏请宜加尊号。	有关官员上奏请求应当加尊号。	The [high] officials memorialized, begging that it would be proper to give to him a more honorable title.
六月庚午，尊孝武庙为世宗庙，奏《盛德》、《文始》、《五行》之舞，天子世世献。	六月庚午日，尊孝武庙为世宗庙，演奏《盛德》《文始》《五行》之舞，天子代代祭祀进献。	[Consequently,] in the sixth month, on [the day] keng-wu, the Temple of [Emperor] Hsiao-wu was honored and was made the Temple of the Epochal Exemplar. [It was ordered that] there should be performed [in it] the dances of Abundant Virtue, of the Peaceful Beginning, and of the Five Elements; that the Son of Heaven should from generation to generation make offerings [there].
武帝巡狩所幸之郡国，皆立庙。	武帝巡狩所到过的郡国，都建立庙宇。	That the commanderies and kingdoms which Emperor Wu favored [by a visit] in making a tour of inspection should all erect temples [to him].
赐民爵一级，女子百户牛、酒。	赏赐百姓爵位一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒。	And that there should be granted to the common people one step in rank and to the women of a hundred households an ox and wine.
匈奴数侵边，又西伐乌孙。	匈奴多次侵犯边境，又向西攻打乌孙。	The Huns had several times invaded the [Chinese] borders and also were making expeditions westwards against the Wu-sun.
乌孙昆弥及公主因国使者上书，言昆弥愿发国精兵击匈奴，唯天子哀怜，出兵以救公主。	乌孙昆弥和公主通过汉朝使者上书，说昆弥愿意征发国内精兵攻打匈奴，希望天子哀怜，出兵来救援公主。	The K'un-mi of the Wu-sun, together with the [Chinese] Princess, [his wife], took the opportunity [offered by a Chinese] envoy to that state, [who was returning], to send the Emperor a letter saying that the K'un-mi was willing to mobilize the choice troops of his state to attack the Huns, if only the Son of Heaven would have compassion and pity and send out his troops to rescue the Princess.
秋，大发兴调关东轻车锐卒，选郡国吏三百石伉健习骑射者，皆从军。	秋季，大规模征调关东轻车锐卒，挑选郡国三百石官吏中强健熟悉骑射的人，都参军。	In the autumn, there was a great mobilization, raising, and appointment of light chariots and valiant soldiers from east of the [Han-ku] Pass. Selections were made from the officials [ranking at] three hundred piculs in the commanderies and kingdoms, and the stout, strong, and experienced horsemen and archers were all [sent] to go with the army.
御史大夫田广明为祁连将军，后将军赵充国为蒲类将军，云中太守田顺为虎牙将军，及度辽将军范明友、前将军韩增，凡五将军，兵十五万骑，校尉常惠持节护乌孙兵，咸击匈奴。	御史大夫田广明为祁连将军，后将军赵充国为蒲类将军，云中太守田顺为虎牙将军，以及度辽将军范明友、前将军韩增，共五位将军，军队十五万骑兵，校尉常惠持节监护乌孙兵，共同攻打匈奴。	The Grandee Secretary, T'ien Kuang-ming, was made the General of the Ch'i-lien [Mountains]; the General of the Rear, Chao Ch'ung-kuo, was made the General of the P'u-lei [Lake]; and the Grand Administrator of Yün-chung [Commandery], T'ien Shun, was made the Tiger's Teeth General. Together with the General Who Crosses the Liao [River], Fan Ming-yu, and the General of the Van, Han Tseng, [there were] altogether five generals with an army of one hundred fifty thousand horsemen. Colonel Ch'ang Hui, bearing credentials, [was sent] to aid the army of the Wu-sun. All [were to] attack the Huns.
三年春正月癸亥，皇后许氏崩。	本始三年春季正月癸亥日，皇后许氏去世。	In the third year, in the spring, the first month, on [the day] kuei-hai, the Empress née Hsü died.
戊辰，五将军师发长安。	戊辰日，五位将军的军队从长安出发。	On [the day] mou-ch'en, the five generals and their armies started from Ch'ang-an.
夏五月，军罢。	夏季五月，军队撤回。	In the summer, the fifth month, the armies were disbanded.
祁连将军广明、虎牙将军顺有罪，下有司，皆自杀。	祁连将军田广明、虎牙将军田顺有罪，交给有关部门处置，都自杀了。	The General of the Ch'i-lien [Mountains, T'ien] Kuang-ming, and the Tiger's Teeth General, [T'ien] Shun, had committed crimes and were given into the charge of the [high] officials. Both killed themselves.
校尉常惠将乌孙兵入匈奴右地，大克获，封列侯。	校尉常惠率领乌孙兵进入匈奴右地，大获全胜，被封为列侯。	Colonel Ch'ang Hui, leading the army of the Wu-sun, penetrated into the western [part of] the Hun territory and made great conquests and captures, so he was enfeoffed as a marquis.
大旱，郡国伤旱甚者，民毋出租赋。	发生大旱，郡国受旱灾严重的地方，百姓不缴纳租赋。	There was a great drought. In those commanderies and kingdoms that suffered greatly from the drought, the people [were permitted] not to pay the land tax or capitation taxes.
三辅民就贱者，且毋收事，尽四年。	三辅地区百姓中生活贫困的人，暂时不收赋税徭役，直到本始四年。	And those among the common people of the three capital commanderies who had reached the lowest [conditions] were temporarily not to have [taxes] collected [from them] nor to be made to serve. [This remission] was to be ended in the fourth year [of Pen-shih].
六月已丑，丞相义薨。	六月己丑日，丞相蔡义去世。	In the sixth month, on [the day] chi-ch'ou, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Ts'ai] Yi, died.
四年春正月，诏曰：“盖闻农者兴德之本也，今岁不登，已遣使者振贷困乏。	本始四年春季正月，下诏说：“听说农业是兴德的根本，今年收成不好，已派遣使者赈济借贷给贫困的人。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the first month, an imperial edict said, "Verily, [We] have heard that agriculture is the fundamental thing in making virtue flourish. [But] this year there has not been a good harvest. [We] have already sent messengers to aid and make loans to those who are distressed and indigent.
其令太官损膳省宰，乐府减乐人，使归就农业。	命令太官减少膳食，省去屠宰，乐府减少乐人，让他们回去从事农业。	Let it be ordered that the Grand Provisioner shall diminish the food [for the imperial table] and reduce the [number of] butchers. The Bureau of Music shall lessen [the number of] musicians, and send them home, so that they may turn to the profession of agriculture.
丞相以下至都官令、丞上书入谷，输长安仓，助贷贫民。	丞相以下至都官令、丞，上书报告缴纳谷物的数量，运送到长安仓，帮助借贷给贫民。	The Lieutenant Chancellor and lower [officials], down to the Chiefs and Assistants in the offices at the capital, shall inform Us [concerning the amount of] grain they will contribute and pay into the Ch'ang-an granaries to assist and loan to the poor people.
民以车船载谷入关者，得毋用传。”	百姓用车船载谷物入关的，不必用通行证。”	Common people who transport grain by cart or by boat through the [customs] barriers shall be permitted not to use passports."
三月乙卯，立皇后霍氏。	三月乙卯日，立霍氏为皇后。	In the third month, on [the day] yi-mao, the Empress née Ho was established [as Empress].
赐丞相以下至郎吏从官金、钱、帛各有差。	赏赐丞相以下至郎吏、侍从官员黄金、钱币、丝帛各有不等。	And there were granted to the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Wei Hsien], and to those [ranking] below him, down to the Gentlemen and [minor] officials and their attendants, gold, cash, and silk, to each proportionately.
赦天下。	大赦天下。	An amnesty [was granted] to the empire.
夏四月壬寅，郡国四十九地震，或山崩水出。	夏季四月壬寅日，四十九个郡国发生地震，有的地方山崩水涌。	In the summer, the fourth month, on [the day] jen-yin, in forty-nine commanderies and kingdoms, there was an earthquake, [in which] mountains collapsed and water came forth.
诏曰：“盖灾异者，天地之戒也。	下诏说：“大凡灾异，是天地的警戒。	The imperial edict said, "Verily, [calamitous] visitations and prodigies are warnings from Heaven and Earth.
朕承洪业，奉宗庙，托于士民之上，未能和群生。	朕继承大业，奉祀宗庙，位居士民之上，没能使众生和谐。	We have inherited [Our] vast patrimony, are upholding [the sacrifices in the imperial] ancestral temples, and have been entrusted [with a position] above that of gentlemen and common people, [but We] have not yet been able to harmonize the many living beings.
乃者地震北海、琅邪，坏祖宗庙，朕甚惧焉。	此前北海、琅邪发生地震，毁坏了祖宗庙宇，朕非常恐惧。	Recently an earthquake in Po-hai and Lang-yeh [Commanderies] has ruined the Temples of the [Eminent] Founder, [Emperor Kao], and of the [Epochal] Exemplar, [Emperor Hsiao-wu]. We are greatly dismayed.
丞相、御史其与列侯、中二千石博问经学之士，有以应变，辅朕之不逮，毋有所讳。	丞相、御史与列侯、中二千石官员广泛询问经学之士，有能应对灾变、辅助朕不足之处的，不要有所忌讳。	"Let the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Wei Hsien], and the [Grandee] Secretary, [Wei Hsiang], together with the marquises and [officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs, widely question those gentlemen who are learned in the Classics [to see whether there is anything] to do in response to this calamity and [thereby] assist Our inadequacies. Let nothing be hidden [from Us.
令三辅、太常、内郡国举贤良方正各一人。	命令三辅、太常、内地郡国各举荐贤良方正一人。	We] order that the Three Adjuncts, the Grand Master of Ceremonies, and the inner commanderies and kingdoms should each recommend one Capable and Good person who is Sincere and Upright.
律令有可蠲除以安百姓，条奏。	律令中有可以废除来安定百姓的，逐条上奏。	If in the Code or ordinances there is anything that should be abolished and done away with, in order to give peace to the people, [let those] articles [of the law] be memorialized [to Us.
被地震坏败甚者，勿收租赋。”	遭受地震破坏严重的地方，不征收租赋。”	At those places] which have been the most ruined or demolished by the earthquake, let the land-tax and the capitation-taxes not be collected. [Let] a general amnesty [be granted] to the empire."
大赦天下。	大赦天下。	[Let] a general amnesty [be granted] to the empire."
上以宗庙堕，素服，避正殿五日。	皇上因为宗庙被毁坏，穿素服，避离正殿五天。	Because the ancestral temples had been destroyed, the Emperor wore mourning garments and shunned the Main Hall [of the Palace] for five days.
五月，凤皇集北海安丘、淳于。	五月，凤凰聚集在北海郡的安丘、淳于。	In the fifth month, male and female phoenixes perched at An-ch'iu and Shun-yü in Po-hai [Commandery].
秋，广川王吉有罪，废迁上庸，自杀。	秋季，广川王刘吉有罪，被废黜王位迁徙到上庸，自杀。	In the autumn, the King of Kuang-ch'uan, [Liu] Chi, who had committed crimes, was dismissed, and exiled to Shang-yung. He killed himself.
地节元年春正月，有星孛于西方。	地节元年春季正月，西方出现彗星。	In [the period] Ti-chieh, the first year, in the spring, the first month, a comet appeared in the western quarter.
三月，假郡国贫民田。	三月，借给郡国贫民田地。	In the third month, fields [for cultivation] were loaned to poor people from the commanderies and kingdoms.
夏六月，诏曰：“盖闻尧亲九族，以和万国。	夏季六月，下诏说：“听说尧亲近九族，以此和谐万国。	In the summer, the sixth month, an imperial edict said, "Verily, [We] have heard that Yao loved his nine [classes of] relatives in order that he might thereby harmonize the myriad states [of his empire].
朕蒙遗德，奉承圣业，惟念宗室属未尽而以罪绝，若有贤材，改行劝善，其复属，使得自新。”	朕蒙受祖先遗德，继承圣业，想到宗室亲属关系未断却因罪被开除族籍，如果有贤才，改正行为劝勉行善，可以恢复族籍，让他们改过自新。”	We have received and inherited the virtue [of Our ancestors] and have been put in charge of maintaining the sacred imperial patrimony. [We] have been thinking and reflecting that in the imperial house [there are some whose] registration has not yet lapsed [because their relationship is not yet too distant], but who have been cut off because of their crimes; if they have any fine talents, correct their conduct, and make great efforts toward goodness, let them again be enregistered [as members of the imperial house, in order to] cause them to have an opportunity to renew themselves."
冬十一月，楚王延寿谋反，自杀。	冬季十一月，楚王刘延寿谋反，自杀。	In the winter, the eleventh month, the King of Ch'u, [Liu] Yen-shou, who had plotted rebellion, [was made to] commit suicide.
十二月癸亥晦，日有蚀之。	十二月癸亥日是月底，发生日食。	In the twelfth month, on [the day] kuei-hai, the last day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
二年春三月庚午，大司马大将军光薨。	地节二年春季三月庚午日，大司马大将军霍光去世。	In the second year, in the spring, the third month, on [the day] keng-wu, the Commander-in-chief and General-in-chief, [Ho] Kuang, died.
诏曰：“大司马大将军博陆侯宿卫孝武皇帝三十余年，辅孝昭皇帝十有余年，遭大难，躬秉义，率三公、诸侯、九卿、大夫定万世策，以安宗庙。	下诏说：“大司马大将军博陆侯霍光侍卫孝武皇帝三十多年，辅佐孝昭皇帝十多年，遭遇大难，亲身秉持正义，率领三公、诸侯、九卿、大夫定下万世国策，来安定宗庙。	The imperial edict said, "The Commander-in-chief and General-in-chief, the Marquis of Po-lu, was constantly on guard for Emperor Hsiao-wu for more than thirty years and acted as assistant to Emperor Hsiao-chao for more than ten years. He met with the greatest difficulties, [but] he himself held firmly to his fealty. He led the three highest ministers, the nobles, the nine high ministers, and the grandees in determining upon the plan [for enthroning Us, the Emperor, which is to determine the imperial succession for] ten thousand generations, and thereby gave peace to the [imperial] ancestral temples.
天下蒸庶，咸以康宁，功德茂盛，朕甚嘉之。	天下百姓，都因此安宁，功德盛大，朕非常赞赏他。	The multitude of common people in the empire have all as a result [enjoyed] tranquillity and peace. "His merits and virtues were abundant and great, [so that] We have esteemed him most highly.
复其后世，畴其爵邑，世世毋有所与。	免除他后代的赋役，世代继承他的爵位封邑，世世代代不承担徭役赋税。	[We] exempt his posterity [from taxes and service] and grant to them [in perpetuity] the same estate for their noble rank [as that possessed by the founder of the house]. From generation to generation they [shall] not [be required] to pay [anything to the Emperor].
功如萧相国。”	功劳如同萧何相国。”	His merits [shall be ranked] the same as [those of] the Chancellor of State, Hsiao [Ho]."
夏四月，凤皇集鲁，群鸟从之。	夏季四月，凤凰聚集在鲁国，群鸟跟随着它们。	In the summer, the fourth month, phoenixes perched in [the kingdom of] Lu and a crowd of birds followed them.
大赦天下。	大赦天下。	[Consequently], a general amnesty [was granted] to the empire.
五月，光禄大夫平丘侯王迁有罪，下狱死。	五月，光禄大夫平丘侯王迁有罪，被关进监狱死去。	In the fifth month, the Imperial Household Grandee, the Marquis of P'ing-ch'iu, Wang Ch'ien, who had committed crimes, was sent to prison and died.
上始亲政事，又思报大将军功德，乃复使乐平侯山领尚书事，而令群臣得奏封事，以知下情。	皇上开始亲自处理政事，又想着报答大将军的功德，于是又让乐平侯霍山兼管尚书事务，而命令群臣可以上奏密封的奏章，以便了解下情。	The Emperor for the first time [attended] in person to governmental affairs. He moreover meditated on rewarding the merit and virtues of the General-in-chief, [Ho Kuang], so he furthermore employed the Marquis of Lo-p'ing, [Ho] Shan, as the Intendant of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing; but he ordered that the various courtiers were to be permitted to memorialize state affairs in [single] sealed [envelopes], in order that [the Emperor] might know the sentiments of his subjects.
五日一听事，自丞相以下各奉职奏事，以傅奏其言，考试功能。	每五天听理一次政事，从丞相以下各自奉行职责上奏事情，陈述他们的言论，考核他们的功劳才能。	[Every] five days he held one audience for state affairs. From the Lieutenant Chancellor on down, each [official], in performing his duties, memorialized matters [concerning his office], in order to "express [their ideas] in words" [so that the Emperor] might examine and "test them by their deeds" and abilities.
侍中尚书功劳当迁及有异善，厚加赏赐，至于子孙，终不改易。	侍中尚书有功劳应当升迁和有特殊善举的，给予丰厚赏赐，延及子孙，职位始终不改变。	The Palace Attendants and Masters of Writing, who had distinguished themselves by their labor and who deserved to be promoted, together with those [officials] who showed unusual excellences, were given rich rewards and grants, and [rewards were even bestowed] upon their sons and grandsons, [but their positions] were not at any time changed or altered.
枢机周密，品式备具，上下相安，莫有苟且之意也。	朝廷机要周密，规章制度完备，上下相安无事，没有人有苟且敷衍的想法。	The pivot-pins and [crossbow] trigger mechanism [levers] everywhere fitted each other; the instrument and its form was complete and entire. Superiors and inferiors were at peace with each other, and there was no thought of treating [any matter] lightly.
三年春三月，诏曰：“盖闻有功不赏，有罪不诛，虽唐、虞犹不能以化天下。	地节三年春季三月，下诏说：“听说有功不赏，有罪不诛，即使是唐尧、虞舜也不能教化天下。	In the third year, in the spring, the third month, an imperial edict said, "Verily, [We] have heard that if anyone has merits and is not rewarded, or if anyone has committed crimes and is not punished, although [the ruler were] T'ang [Yao] or Yü [Shun], he would on that account not be able to improve the country.
今胶东相成劳来不怠，流民自占八万余口，治有异等，其秩成中二千石，赐爵关内侯。”	现在胶东相王成勤勉安抚流民不懈怠，流民自行申报户籍的有八万多口，治理成绩优异，将他的俸禄提升为中二千石，赐爵关内侯。”	Now the Chancellor in [the kingdom of] Chiao-tung, [Wang] Ch'eng, has treated [his people] kindly and has cared for them without reposing. More than eighty thousand wandering people voluntarily reported themselves [for registration]. His government is of an extraordinarily [high] grade. Let [Wang] Ch'eng be ranked at fully two thousand piculs and be granted the noble rank of Kuan-nei Marquis."
又曰：“鳏、寡、孤、独、高年、贫困之民，朕所怜也。	又说：“鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人、贫困百姓，是朕所怜悯的。	[The edict] also said, "The poor or distressed common people who are widowers, widows, orphans, childless, or in advanced years are those whom We [especially] pity.
前下诏假公田，贷种、食。	此前下诏借给公田，贷给种子、粮食。	Previously [We] issued an edict [ordering that the officials should] lend them public fields for cultivation and lend them seed and food.
其加赐鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。	现再加赐鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人丝帛。	Let there be added grants of silk to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and those in advanced years.
二千石严教吏谨视遇，毋令失职。”	二千石官员要严格教导官吏谨慎对待他们，不要让他们失去生计。”	[Let the officials ranking at] two thousand piculs severely instruct their officials carefully to care for and visit [these persons] and not permit them to lose their status [as occupants of government land.
令国郡国举贤良方正可亲民者。	命令郡国举荐能够亲近百姓的贤良方正之人。	We] order the inner commanderies and kingdoms to recommend capable and good persons who are sincere and upright and are able `to cherish the common people'."
夏四月戊申，立皇太子，大赦天下。	夏季四月戊申日，立皇太子，大赦天下。	In the summer, the fourth month, on [the day] mou-shen, the Imperial Heir-apparent, [Liu Shih], was established [as heir-apparent]. A general amnesty was granted to the empire.
赐御史大夫爵关内侯，中二千石爵右庶长。	赏赐御史大夫爵位为关内侯，中二千石官员爵位为右庶长。	And there were granted: to the Grandee Secretary, [Wei Hsiang], the noble rank of Kuan-nei Marquis; to [officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs, the noble rank of Senior Chief of the Multitude.
天下当为父后者爵一级。	天下应当做父亲继承人的人爵位各升一级。	And to those in the empire who would become the successors of their fathers, one step in noble rank.
赐广陵王黄金千斤，诸侯王十五人黄金各百斤，列侯在国者八十七人黄金各二十斤。	赏赐广陵王黄金千斤，十五位诸侯王每人黄金百斤，在封国的八十七位列侯每人黄金二十斤。	There were granted: to the King of Kuang-ling, [Liu Hsüa], a thousand catties of actual gold; to each of the fifteen [other] vassal kings, a hundred catties of actual gold; and to each of the eighty-seven full marquises who were at their states, twenty catties of actual gold.
冬十月，诏曰：“乃者九月壬申地震，朕甚惧焉。	冬季十月，下诏说：“此前九月壬申日发生地震，朕非常恐惧。	In the winter, the tenth month, an imperial edict said, "Recently, when there was an earthquake in the ninth month on [the day] jen-shen, We were very much dismayed.
有能箴朕过失，及贤良方正直言极谏之士以匡朕之不逮，毋讳有司。	有能规谏朕的过失，以及贤良方正、敢于直言极谏的士人来纠正朕不足之处的，不要顾忌有关官员。	If there are any [persons] who can remonstrate with Us for [Our] faults or errors or [any] capable and good, sincere and upright gentlemen, [who are able] to speak frankly and admonish unflinchingly, in order to correct Our inadequacies, let them not keep silent because of respect for the high officials, [but speak out].
朕既不德，不能附远，是以边境屯戍未息。	朕德行不足，不能使远方之人归附，因此边境的屯兵守卫没有停止。	"Since We are not virtuous, We have not been able to transmit [Our influence] to distant [regions]. For this reason, at the borders, the frontier garrisons and frontier guards have not yet been dismissed.
今复饬兵重屯，久劳百姓，非所以绥天下也。	现在又整顿军队加重屯守，长久使百姓劳苦，这不是安定天下的办法。	If now [We] again make the troops labor and increase the frontier garrisons, [We] will lengthen out the toil of the people, which is not what would give rest to the empire.
其罢车骑将军、右将军屯兵。”	可撤销车骑将军、右将军的屯兵。”	Let the garrison troops of the General of Chariots and Cavalry, [Chang An-shih], and of the General of the Right, [Ho Yü], be abolished."
又诏：“池崇未御幸者，假与贫民。	又下诏：“未被皇上临幸过的池苑，借给贫民使用。	There was also an edict [ordering] that the reservoirs [for rearing fish] and the preserves which had not yet been favored by the Emperor [with a visit] should be loaned to poor people.
郡国宫、馆，勿复修治。	郡国的宫室、馆舍，不要再修建整治。	That the palaces and lodges in the commanderies should not again be repaired.
流民还归者，假公田，贷种、食，且勿算事。”	返回故乡的流民，借给公田，贷给种子、粮食，暂且不征收赋税徭役。”	And that when wandering people return [to their former homes], they should be loaned public fields, should be loaned seed and food, and temporarily should not [be made to pay] poll-taxes or [to do public] service."
十一月，诏曰：“朕既不逮，导民不明，反侧晨兴，念虑万方，不忘元元。	十一月，下诏说：“朕思虑不足，教导百姓不明，早晚辗转反侧，思考万方之事，不忘记百姓。	In the eleventh month, an imperial edict said, "Since We are inadequate and are not wise in leading the people, [We] turn over from side to side [in bed] and rise at dawn, thinking and reflecting about the myriad parts [of the empire] and not forgetting the great multitude [of common people].
唯恐羞先帝圣德，故并举贤良方正以亲万姓，历载臻兹，然而俗化阙焉。	深怕玷污先帝的圣德，所以同时举荐贤良方正来亲近百姓，历经多年到现在，然而风俗教化仍有欠缺。	Especially fearing that [We] shall bring disgrace to the sage virtue of [Our] imperial predecessors. Hence for many years down to the present, [We] have had [the different parts of the empire] at the same time recommend [to Us] persons who are capable and good, sincere and upright, in order that they might `cherish' the myriad clans [of the empire]. Yet the customs and culture [of the empire] are [still] inadequately [developed].
传曰：‘孝、弟也者，其为仁之本与！’	《论语》说：‘孝、悌，是仁的根本啊！’	The Memoir says, `Are not filial devotion and brotherly respect the very foundation of an unselfish life?'
其令郡国举孝、弟有行义闻于乡里者各一人。”	命令郡国各举荐一名在乡里闻名的有孝、悌品行和义行的人。”	Let each commandery or kingdom recommend one person of filial devotion and brotherly respectfulness whose actions and principles are renowned in his village or hamlet."
十二月，初置廷尉平四人，秩六百石。	十二月，开始设置廷尉平四人，俸禄六百石。	In the twelfth month, [the Emperor] first established the four Commandant of Justice's Referees, who were ranked at six hundred piculs.
省文山郡，并蜀。	撤销文山郡，并入蜀郡。	The commandery of Wen-shan was abolished and [its territory and administration] were united with [that of] Shu [Commandery].
四年春二月，封外祖母为博平君，故酂侯萧何曾孙建世为侯。	地节四年春季二月，封外祖母为博平君，已故酂侯萧何的曾孙萧建世为侯。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the second month, [the Emperor] enfeoffed his maternal grandmother, [Wang Wang-jen], as the Baronetess of Po-p'ing. [Hsiao] Chien-shih, a [great-]great-grandson of the former Marquis of Tso, Hsiao Ho, was made a Marquis.
诏曰：“导民以孝，是天下顺。	下诏说：“用孝道引导百姓，天下就会和顺。	An imperial edict said, "If the people are led in accordance with [the principle of] filial devotion, the whole world will be submissive.
今百姓或遭衰绖凶灾，而吏徭事使不得葬，伤孝子之心，朕甚怜之。	现在百姓有的遭遇丧事凶灾，而官吏征发徭役使他们不能安葬亲人，伤害孝子之心，朕非常怜悯他们。	[But] it now happens that sometimes when the people are suffering the misfortunes and calamities [which cause them to wear] mourning badges and girdles, the [minor] officials nevertheless require their service, so that they are not able to bury [their parents, thus] saddening the hearts of filial sons. We pity them very greatly.
自今，诸有大父母、父母丧者勿徭事，使得收敛送终，尽其子道。”	从今以后，凡有祖父母、父母丧事的人，不要服徭役，让他们能够收殓送终，尽人子之道。”	From the present [time on], let whoever is in mourning for his grandfather, grandmother, father, or mother not [be] required to do [forced] service, so that he can care for [the deceased], dress the corpse, and accompany it to the grave, [thus] carrying out to the full the duties of a son."
夏五月，诏曰：“父子之亲，夫妇之道，天性也。	夏季五月，下诏说：“父子亲情，夫妇之道，是天性。	In the summer, the fifth month, an imperial edict said, "The love between parents and children and the relationship between husband and wife are Heaven-[endowed qualities of human] nature.
虽有患祸，犹蒙死而存之。	即使有祸患，仍愿冒死保全对方。	Even though [one of these persons] should suffer calamitous trouble, [the other] would nevertheless expose himself to death, in order to preserve [his father or husband].
诚爱结于心，仁厚之至也，岂能违之哉！	真诚的爱郁结于心，是仁厚的极致，怎能违背呢！	Indeed love knotted about the heart is the extreme of benevolence and generosity. How can [anyone] go contrary to it?
自今，子首匿父母、妻匿夫、孙匿大父母，皆勿坐。	从今以后，儿子为首藏匿父母、妻子藏匿丈夫、孙子藏匿祖父母，都不连坐治罪。	"From now [on], if a son takes the lead in hiding his father or mother, or a wife in hiding her husband, or a grandson in hiding his grandfather or grandmother, let them all not be condemned [for crime].
其父母匿子、夫匿妻、大父母匿孙，罪殊死，皆上请廷尉以闻。”	如果父母藏匿儿子、丈夫藏匿妻子、祖父母藏匿孙子，罪行是死刑的，都要上报廷尉让天子知道。”	If a father or mother should hide their son, or a husband hide his wife, or a grandfather or grandmother hide their grandson, and if their punishment should be death, let all [such cases] be referred to the Commandant of Justice in order that they may be reported [to Us]."
立广川惠王孙文为广川王。	立广川惠王的孙子刘文为广川王。	[Liu] Wena, the grandson of King Hui of Kuang-ch'uan, [Liu Yüeh], was set up as the King of Kuang-ch'uan.
秋七月，大司马霍禹谋反。	秋季七月，大司马霍禹谋反。	In the autumn, the seventh month, since the Commander-in-chief, Ho Yü, had plotted to rebel.
诏曰：“乃者，东织室令史张赦使魏郡豪李竟报冠阳侯霍云谋为大逆，朕以大将军故，抑而不扬，冀其自新。	下诏说：“此前，东织室令史张赦让魏郡豪强李竟告知冠阳侯霍云图谋大逆，朕因为大将军霍光的缘故，压制下来没有张扬，希望他能改过自新。	An imperial edict said, "Recently Chang Shê, a Clerk to the Prefect of the Eastern Weaving Chamber, sent the bravo Li Ching, [a man from] Wei Commandery, to inform the Marquis of Kuan-yang, Ho Yün, [how his cabal should] plot to commit treason. Because of the [former] General-in-chief, [Ho Kuang], We repressed [the matter] and did not take action, hoping that [Ho Yü and his friends] would reform themselves.
今大司马博陆侯禹与母宣成侯夫人显及从昆弟冠阳侯云、乐平侯山、诸姊妹婿度辽将军范明友、长信少府邓广汉、中郎将任胜、骑都尉赵平、长安男子冯殷等谋为大逆。	现在大司马博陆侯霍禹和他的母亲宣成侯夫人显以及堂兄弟冠阳侯霍云、乐平侯霍山、各位姐妹的丈夫度辽将军范明友、长信少府邓广汉、中郎将任胜、骑都尉赵平、长安男子冯殷等人图谋大逆。	[But] now the Commander-in-chief, the Marquis of Po-lu, [Ho] Yü, and his mother, [Ho] Hsien, the Lady of Marquis Hsüan-ch'eng, [Ho Kuang]; together with his older and younger [second] cousins, the Marquis of Kuan-yang, [Ho] Yün, and the Marquis of Lo-p'ing, [Ho] Shan; also the husbands of his elder and younger sisters, the General Who Crosses the Liao [River], Fan Ming-yu; the Privy Treasurer of the Chang-hsin [Palace], Teng Kuang-han; the General of the Gentlemen-at-the-Palace, Jen Sheng; the Chief Commandant of Cavalry, Chao P'ing; and a man of Ch'ang-an, Feng Yin, have [actually] plotted to commit treason.
显前又使女侍医淳于衍进药杀共哀后，谋毒太子，欲危宗庙。	显以前又派女侍医淳于衍进药杀害恭哀皇后，图谋毒杀太子，想要危害宗庙。	[Ho] Hsien moreover previously had the female attendant physician, Shun-yü Yen, give poison to and murder Empress Kung-ai [née Hsü], and plotted to poison [Our] Heir-apparent, [Liu Shih, thereby] intending to endanger the [imperial] ancestral temples.
逆乱不道，咸伏其辜。	叛逆作乱大逆不道，都已伏罪。	[This conduct was] treasonable, rebellious, and inhuman, and they have all suffered for their crimes.
诸为霍氏所诖误未发觉在吏者，皆赦除之。”	那些被霍氏牵连而没有被发现、在官吏手中的人，都赦免他们。”	[Let] all those who have been deceived and led into error by the Ho clan, [whose crimes] have not yet become known [so as to come] into [the hands of] the officials, be all pardoned and freed."
八月已酉，皇后霍氏废。	八月己酉日，皇后霍氏被废黜。	In the eighth month, on [the day] chi-yu, the Empress née Ho was dismissed.
九月，诏曰：“朕惟百姓失职不赡，遣使者循行郡国问民所疾苦。	九月，下诏说：“朕考虑百姓失去常业生活不足，派遣使者巡视郡国询问百姓的疾苦。	In the ninth month, an imperial edict said, "We have been reflecting that those people who have lost their occupations have not enough [to live on, and so We] have sent messengers to travel about among the commanderies and kingdoms to ask the common people about what they are pained by or suffer from.
吏或营私烦扰，不顾厥咎，朕甚闵之。	有的官吏营私侵扰百姓，不顾他们的苦难，朕非常怜悯百姓。	The officials sometimes seek for private profit, [thus making] trouble and difficulties for [Our subjects], not considering their calamities. We pity [these suffering people] greatly.
今年郡国颇被水灾，已振贷。	今年郡国多遭受水灾，已经赈济借贷。	This year the commanderies and kingdoms have suffered considerably from inundations. [We] have already given assistance and loans [to them].
盐，民之食，而贾咸贵，众庶重困。	盐，是百姓的食物，而价格都很高，百姓加重困窘。	Salt is the food of the common people, yet its price is everywhere [too] high, [so that] the multitude of common people are heavily distressed.
其减天下盐贾。”	可降低天下的盐价。”	Let the price of salt be reduced all over the empire."
又曰：“令甲，死者不可生，刑者不可息。	又说：“法令规定，死了的人不能复活，受刑的人不能恢复原状。	It also said, "It is the first ordinance [of Heaven] that the dead cannot become alive [again] and that a mutilating punishment cannot be undone.
此先帝之所重，而吏未称。	这是先帝所重视的，而官吏没有称职。	This is what the preceding emperors have been greatly concerned about, yet the officials have not conformed to [the imperial intentions.
今系者或以掠辜若饥寒瘐死狱中，何用心逆人道也！	现在被囚禁的人有的因受刑、饥饿寒冷在狱中病死，多么违背人道啊！	But] now, those who are held sometimes die in prison because they have been flogged for their crimes or because of hunger, cold, or illness. Why should the intentions [of prison officials be so] contrary to human nature?
朕甚痛之。	朕对此非常痛心。	We are very much saddened by it.
其令郡国岁上系囚以掠笞若瘐死者所坐名、县、爵、里，丞相、御史课殿最以闻。”	命令郡国每年上报因受拷打、饥饿寒冷而死在狱中的囚犯的罪名、姓名、县、爵位、乡里，丞相、御史考核政绩优劣上报。”	"Let it be ordered that the commanderies and kingdoms shall yearly report the offence, name, prefecture, noble rank, and hamlet of those who have been held as prisoners and have died because of beatings or illness; when the Lieutenant Chancellor and [Grandee] Secretary examine the relative merits [of the officials], they shall thereupon report [such cases to Us]."
十二月，清河王年有罪，废迁房陵。	十二月，清河王刘年有罪，被废黜迁徙到房陵。	In the twelfth month, the King of Ch'ing-ho, [Liu] Nien, who had committed crimes, was dismissed and exiled to Fang-ling.
元康元年春，以杜东原上为初陵，更名杜县为杜陵。	元康元年春季，把杜县东边的平原作为初陵，改杜县为杜陵。	In [the period] Yüan-k'ang, the first year, in the spring, on the plain east of Tu, the Emperor's tomb was made, and the name of Tu Prefecture was changed to Tu-ling [Prefecture.
徙丞相、将军、列侯、吏二千石、訾百万者杜陵。	迁移丞相、将军、列侯、二千石官吏、资产百万的人到杜陵。	The residences of] the Lieutenant Chancellor, generals, marquises, and officials [ranking at] two thousand piculs whose property [amounted to] a million [cash] were moved to Tu-ling.
三月，诏曰：“乃者凤皇集泰山、陈留，甘露降未央宫。	三月，下诏说：“此前凤凰聚集在泰山、陈留，甘露降在未央宫。	In the third month, an imperial edict said, "Recently phoenixes have perched in T'ai-shan and Ch'en-liu [Commanderies] and sweet dew has descended in Wei-yang Palace.
朕未能章先帝休烈，协宁百姓，承天顺地，调序四时，获蒙嘉瑞，赐兹祉福，夙夜兢兢，靡有骄色，内省匪解，永惟罔极。	朕没能彰显先帝的盛德，使百姓和谐安宁，承顺天地，协调四季秩序，却蒙获吉祥祥瑞，赐予这样的福泽，早晚谨慎，没有骄纵之色，内心反省不懈，长久思考没有止境。	We have not yet been able to manifest the excellent and glorious [deeds of Our] imperial predecessors, in harmonizing and giving rest to the people, in serving Heaven and obeying Earth, and in tempering and ordering the four seasons. [Yet We] have obtained and received these favorable presages and have been granted this [supernatural] favor and happiness. Morning and evening, [We] have been circumspect without any pride [in Our achievements. We] examine Ourself [to take care that We] be not lax, and continually reflect without end.
《书》不云乎？‘凤皇来仪，庶尹允谐。’	《尚书》不是说过吗？‘凤凰来舞，百官和谐。’	Does not the Book of History say, `The male and female phoenixes come and dance in pairs and all the chiefs are truly harmonious?'
其赦天下徒，赐勤事吏中二千石以下至六百石爵，自中郎吏至五大夫，佐史以上二级，民一级，女子百户牛、酒。	赦免天下的刑徒，赏赐勤奋做事的官吏从中二千石以下至六百石的爵位，从中郎吏到五大夫，佐史以上升二级，百姓升一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒。	"Let an amnesty be granted to the convicts of the empire; [let] noble ranks [be] granted to officials who are diligent in their business, [to those ranking] from fully two thousand piculs down to six hundred piculs, from the [noble rank of] Ordinary Chieftain of Conscripts to [that of] Fifth [Rank] Grandee; to the Accessory Officials and those [ranking] above, two steps [in aristocratic rank]; to the common people, one step; and to the women of a hundred households, an ox and wine.
加赐鳏、寡、孤、独、三老、孝弟、力田帛。	加赐鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、三老、孝悌、力田之人丝帛。	We add grants of silk to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, the Thrice Venerable, the Filially Pious, the Brotherly Respectful, and the [Diligent] Cultivators of the Fields.
所振贷勿收。”	所赈济借贷的物品不再收回。”	Let what has been given as assistance and loans be not collected [again]."
夏五月，立皇考庙。	夏季五月，建立皇考庙。	In the summer, the fifth month, there was established the Temple of the Deceased Imperial Father, [Liu Chin.
益奉明园户为奉明县。	增加奉明园的户数，设置为奉明县。	The number of] the households [whose taxes supported] Feng-ming [Funerary] Park, [where he was buried], was increased; and [the place] was made Feng-ming Prefecture.
复高皇帝功臣绛侯周勃等百三十六人家子孙，令奉祭祀，世世勿绝。	免除高皇帝的功臣绛侯周勃等一百三十六家子孙的赋役，让他们供奉祭祀，世世代代不断绝。	The families of the descendants of 136 persons who were meritorious subjects of Emperor Kao, [such as] the Marquis of Chiang, Chou P'o, were exempted [from taxes and forced service] and were ordered to uphold the sacrifices [to their ancestors, the meritorious subjects of Emperor Kao], from generation to generation without end.
其毋嗣者，复其次。	那些没有嫡嗣的，免除他们旁支子孙的赋役。	If [these meritorious subjects] had no descendants, their next [of kin] were exempted.
秋八月，诏曰：“朕不明六艺，郁于大道，是以阴阳风雨未时。	秋季八月，下诏说：“朕不明白六艺，对大道不明了，因此阴阳风雨不合时令。	In the autumn, the eighth month, an imperial edict said, "We are not versed in the six classics and are ignorant regarding the great Way [of the universe]. For this reason the yin and yang, the winds and the rain have not yet been timely.
其博举吏民，厥身修正，通文学，明于先王之术，宣究其意者，各二人，中二千石各一人。”	广泛举荐官吏百姓中自身品行端正，通晓文献经典，明白先王治国之术，并能透彻阐明其旨意的人，各郡国举荐二人，中二千石官员各举荐一人。”	Let [the Lieutenant Chancellor, the Grandee Secretary and the Commander-in-chief] each recommend generally, [from among] the officials and common people, two persons who have cultivated and corrected their persons, who are learned Literary Scholars, and who are [not only] intelligent concerning the political methods of the ancient Kings, [but can also] thoroughly manifest the intentions [of those rulers. Let the officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs [also] each [recommend] one [such] person."
冬，置建章卫尉。	冬季，设置建章卫尉。	In the winter, there was established [the office of] Commandant of the [Palace] Guard at Chien-chang [Palace].
二年春正月，诏曰：“《书》云‘文王作罚，刑兹无赦’，今吏修身奉法，未有能称朕意，朕甚愍焉。	元康二年春季正月，下诏说：“《尚书》说‘文王制定刑罚，对违法者不予赦免’，现在官吏修身奉法，还没有能称朕心意的，朕对此很痛心。	In the second year, in the spring, the first month, an imperial edict said, "The Book of History says, `[You must deal speedily with them according to] the penal laws made by King Wen, punishing them [severely] and not pardoning them.' [But] now the officials, in cultivating their persons and in upholding the laws, have not yet conformed to Our conceptions. We are very much troubled [by it].
其赦天下，与士大夫厉精更始。”	大赦天下，与士大夫一起振奋精神，重新开始。”	Let an amnesty [be granted] to the empire, [so as to] give [these] gentlemen and grandees [an opportunity] to do their utmost and start anew."
二月乙丑，立皇后王氏。	二月乙丑日，立王氏为皇后。	In the second month, on [the day] yi-ch'ou, the Empress née Wang was appointed [as Empress].
赐丞相以下至郎从官钱、帛各有差。	赏赐丞相以下至郎官、侍从官员钱财、丝帛各有不等。	And cash and silk were given to the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Wei Hsiang], and to [officials] inferior [to him, down] to the Gentlemen and the [imperial] retinue, to each proportionately.
三月，以凤皇、甘露降集，赐天下吏爵二级，民一级，女子百户牛、酒，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。	三月，因为凤凰、甘露降落聚集，赏赐天下官吏爵位二级，百姓一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人赏丝帛。	In the third month, because phoenixes had perched and sweet dew had descended [the Emperor] granted: to the officials of the empire, two steps [in noble rank]; to the common people, one step; to the women of a hundred households, an ox and wine; and to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged, silk.
夏五月，诏曰：“狱者，万民之命，所以禁暴止邪，养育群生也。	夏季五月，下诏说：“刑狱关系到万民的性命，是用来禁止暴力、制止邪恶，养育众生的。	In the summer, the fifth month, an imperial edict said, "Criminal trials are that [on which] the fate of the myriad common people [hangs]. They are the means of arresting violence and of stopping evil, of rearing and developing all living beings.
能使生者不怨，死者不恨，则可谓文吏矣。	能使生者不怨恨，死者不愤恨，就可以称为合格的官吏了。	If anyone can make the living be without cause of resentment [against him] and the dead [whom he has sentenced] be without hatred [for him], he may indeed be called an accomplished official.
今则不然，用法或持巧心，析律贰端，深浅不平，增辞饰非，以成其罪。	现在却不是这样，应用法律有的心怀欺诈，曲解法律条文，妄生事端，判刑轻重不公，增添言辞掩饰过错，来构成他人的罪过。	But the present [officials] are not such [persons]. In applying the law, some of them cherish deceptive intentions, juggling the law in either direction [that suits them, making their] unjust [decisions too] heavy or [too] light, adding statements to cover up [their own] wrong-doing, using [such statements] to encompass the guilt [of the accused].
奏不如实，上亦亡由知。	上奏不符合实际情况，皇上也无法知道。	When they memorialize what is not according to the facts, the Emperor has moreover no means of knowing [the truth].
此朕之不明，吏之不称，四方黎民将何仰哉！	这是朕不明察，官吏不称职，四方百姓将依靠什么呢！	"This [fact is due to] Our lack of intelligence and to the inappropriateness of the officials. Upon whom [then] would the common people in the four quarters [of the empire be able] to rely?
二千石各察官属，勿用此人。	二千石官员各自监察下属，不要任用这样的人。	[Let the officials ranking at] two thousand piculs each investigate their official subordinates and not employ this [sort of] person.
吏务平法。	官吏务必使法律公平。	And [let the minor] officials bend their efforts to make the law impartial.
或擅兴徭役，饰厨、传，称过使客，越职逾法，以取名誉，譬犹践薄冰以待白日，岂不殆哉！	有的擅自征发徭役，装饰厨房、驿站，迎合过往使者宾客，超越职权违反法律，来获取名誉，这好比踏着薄冰等待太阳出来，难道不危险吗！	"Some [officials] arbitrarily levy forced laborers to decorate their kitchens and post [relay stations], in order to please [their superiors'] messengers and guests who pass by, going beyond their duties and transgressing the laws in order to gain fame and renown. [Such conduct] is like walking on thin ice while waiting for the bright sun. How could it not be dangerous?
今天下颇被疾疫之灾，朕甚愍之。	如今天下多遭受疫病灾害，朕非常怜悯他们。	The empire has now suffered considerably from visitations of sickness and epidemics, and We are much troubled by them.
其令郡国被灾甚者，毋出今年租赋。”	命令郡国遭受灾害严重的地方，不缴纳今年的租赋。”	Let it be ordered that [those] commanderies and kingdoms which have suffered greatly from [these] visitations be not [required] to pay this year's land-tax or capitation taxes."
又曰：“闻古天子之名，难知而易讳也。	又说：“听说古代天子的名字，难以知晓而容易避讳。	It also said, "[We] have heard that anciently the personal name of the Son of Heaven was difficult to know and easy to avoid.
今百姓多上书触讳以犯罪者，朕甚怜之。	现在百姓多因上书触犯名讳而犯罪，朕非常怜悯他们。	[But] now many people, when they send in memorials, violate the tabus and thereby commit crimes. We pity them very much.
其更讳询。	现更改名字为询。	Let there be a change [in Our personal name and let the word] Hsün be tabued.
诸触讳在令前者，赦之。”	那些在诏令之前触犯名讳的，赦免他们。”	[Let] all those who have violated the tabu previous to this ordinance be amnestied."
冬，京兆尹赵广汉有罪，要斩。	冬季，京兆尹赵广汉有罪，被腰斩。	In the winter, the Governor of the Capital, Chao Kuang-han, who had committed crimes, was executed by being cut in two at the waist.
三年春，以神爵数集泰山，赐诸侯王、丞相、将军、列侯二千石金，郎从官帛，各有差。	元康三年春季，因为神爵多次聚集在泰山，赏赐诸侯王、丞相、将军、列侯、二千石官员黄金，郎官、侍从官员丝帛，各有不等。	In the third year, in the spring, because supernatural birds had several times perched in T'ai-shan [Commandery, the Emperor] granted gold to the vassal kings, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Wei Hsiang], the generals, the full marquises, and [officials ranking at] two thousand piculs; and silk to the Gentlemen and the [imperial] retinue, to each proportionately.
赐天下吏爵二级，民一级，女子百户牛、酒，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。	赏赐天下官吏爵位二级，百姓一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人赏丝帛。	[He also] granted two steps in noble rank to the officials of the empire, one step to the common people, an ox and wine to the women of a hundred households, and silk to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged.
三月，诏曰：“盖闻象有罪，舜封之，骨肉之亲粲而不殊。	三月，下诏说：“听说象有罪，舜却封他，骨肉亲情明显而不断绝。	In the third month, an imperial edict said, "Verily, [We] have heard the [although] Hsiang committed the crime [of trying to kill Shun, yet] Shun enfeoffed him [as a prince]. People related by flesh and blood may be dispersed, but [the relationship] cannot be destroyed.
其封故昌邑王贺为海昏侯。”	封已故昌邑王刘贺为海昏侯。”	Let the former King of Ch'ang-yi, [Liu] Ho, be enfeoffed as the Marquis of Hai-hun."
又曰：“朕微眇时，御史大夫丙吉，中郎将史曾、史玄、长乐卫尉许舜、侍中光禄大夫许延寿皆与朕有旧恩。	又说：“朕微贱之时，御史大夫丙吉，中郎将史曾、史玄，长乐卫尉许舜，侍中光禄大夫许延寿都对朕有旧恩。	It also said, "When We were an unimportant and insignificant [person], the Grandee Secretary, Ping Chi, the Generals of the Gentlemen-at-the-Palace, Shih Ts'eng and Shih Hsüan, the Commandant of the Palace Guard at the Ch'ang-lo [Palace], Hsü Shun, and the Palace Attendant and Imperial Household Grandee, Hsü Yen-shou, all previously showed us kindness.
及故掖庭令张贺辅导朕躬，修文学经术，恩惠卓异，厥功茂焉。	以及已故掖庭令张贺辅导朕，修习文献经典，恩惠卓越，功劳很大。	In addition, the former Chief of the Lateral Courts, Chang Ho, assisted and guided Our person, [and arranged for Us] to study literature and the Classics, [so that] his grace and kindness were surpassing and outstanding, and his merit was very great.
《诗》不云乎？‘无德不报。’	《诗经》不是说吗？‘没有德行不回报的。’	Does not the Book of Odes say, `Every good deed should have its recompense'?"
封贺所子弟子侍中中郎将彭祖为阳都侯，追赐贺谥曰阳都哀侯。	封张贺的继子侍中中郎将彭祖为阳都侯，追赐张贺谥号为阳都哀侯。	The son of [Chang] Ho's younger brother, the Palace Attendant and General of the Gentlemen-at-the-Palace, [Chang] P'eng-tsu, whom [Chang Ho had adopted as] his son, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yang-tu and [Chang] Ho was posthumously granted the title, Marquis Ai of Yang-tu.
吉、曾、玄、舜、延寿皆为列侯。	丙吉、史曾、史玄、许舜、许延寿都被封为列侯。	[Ping] Chi, [Shih] Ts'eng, [Shih] Hsüan, [Hsü] Shun, and [Hsü] Yen-shou [were all enfeoffed] as marquises.
故人下至郡邸狱复作尝有阿保之功，皆受官禄、田宅、财物，各以恩深浅报之。”	旧友下至郡邸狱的刑徒中曾经有哺乳养育功劳的，都授予官禄、田宅、财物，各按恩情深浅回报他们。”	The [women who had formerly been sent to the Prison at the Lodge for the Commanderies, who had been exempted and had served [their sentences] and had formerly acquired merit by nursing and protecting [the Emperor], all received government salaries, fields, residences, and precious things; each was rewarded according to the depth of her kindness.
夏六月，诏曰：“前年夏，神爵集雍。	夏季六月，下诏说：“前年夏季，神爵聚集在雍地。	In the summer, the sixth month, an imperial edict said, "In the preceding year, in the summer, supernatural birds perched in Yung.
今春，五色鸟以万数飞过属县，翱翔而舞，欲集未下。	今年春季，数万只五色鸟飞过属县，翱翔飞舞，想要聚集却未落下。	And this spring vari-colored birds, by the ten-thousands in number, flew past the surrounding prefectures, flying, soaring, and leaping [for joy]. They wished to perch, [but] did not come down.
其令三辅毋得以春夏擿巢探卵，弹射飞鸟。	命令三辅地区在春夏季节不得掏鸟巢、探鸟卵，用弹弓射飞鸟。	Let it be ordered that in the three capital commanderies [people] shall not be allowed in the spring and summer to remove nests, to try to find eggs, or to shoot pellets or arrows at flying birds.
具为令。”	将此定为法令。”	Let this be a statutory ordinance."
立皇子钦为淮阳王。	立皇子刘钦为淮阳王。	The Imperial Son [Liu] Ch'in was established as King of Huai-yang.
四年春正月，诏曰：“朕惟耆老之人，发齿堕落，血气衰微，亦亡暴虐之心，今或罹文法，拘执囹圄，不终天命，朕甚怜之。	元康四年春季正月，下诏说：“朕考虑到老年人，头发牙齿脱落，血气衰弱，也没有暴虐之心，现在有的触犯法律，被关押在监狱里，不能终其天年，朕非常怜悯他们。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the first month, an imperial edict said, "We have been reflecting that when aged peoples' hair and teeth have dropped away and fallen out, and when their blood and breath have become enfeebled and delicate, they moreover have no heart for violence and cruelty. Some are now suffering [because] the letter of the law [has been applied to them] and they have been arrested and are held in prison, so that they will not end [their days according to] the fate [granted them by] Heaven. We pity them very greatly.
自今以来，诸年八十以上，非诬告、杀伤人，佗皆勿坐。”	从今以后，凡是八十岁以上的人，除了诬告、杀伤人之外，其他罪行都不加治罪。”	From the present time onward, whoever is in his eightieth year or over, except for falsely accusing, killing, or injuring others, shall not be sentenced for any other crime."
遣太中大夫强等十二人循行天下，存问鳏、寡，览观风俗，察吏治得失，举茂材异伦之士。	派遣太中大夫强等十二人巡视天下，慰问鳏夫、寡妇，观察风俗，考察官吏治理的得失，举荐才能出众的士人。	[The Emperor] sent the Grand Palace Grandee, [Li] Ch'iang, and others, twelve persons [in all], to travel about and inspect the empire, to visit and bring presents to widowers and widows, to examine and observe customs, to investigate the success and failure of the officials' administration, and to recommend gentlemen who [were] Accomplished Talents of Unusual Degree.
二月，河东霍徵史等谋反，诛。	二月，河东郡霍徵史等人谋反，被诛杀。	In the second month, Ho Cheng-shih of Ho-tung [Commandery] and others, who had plotted to rebel, were executed.
三月，诏曰：“乃者，神爵五采以万数集长乐、未央、北宫、高寝、甘泉泰畤殿中及上林苑。	三月，下诏说：“此前，数万只五彩神爵聚集在长乐宫、未央宫、北宫、高寝、甘泉泰畤殿中以及上林苑。	In the third month, an imperial edict said, "Recently the supernatural birds have been vari-colored, and have perched by the ten-thousands in Ch'ang-lo [Palace], Wei-yang [Palace], the Northern Palace, the Funerary Chamber of [Emperor] Kao, the Hall at the Altar to the Supreme [One] in Kan-ch'üan Palace, and also [at various places] in Shang-lin Park.
朕之不逮，寡于德厚，屡获嘉祥，非朕之任。	朕德才不足，德行浅薄，却多次获得吉祥祥瑞，这不是朕所能担当的。	Our [actions] do not come up to [Our words, and We] are lacking in virtue and generosity, [yet We] have often obtained favorable omens, of which We are not worthy.
其赐天下吏爵二级，民一级，女子百户牛、酒。	赏赐天下官吏爵位二级，百姓一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒。	Let there be granted to the empire: to the officials, two steps in noble rank; to the common people, one step; and to the women of a hundred households, an ox and wine.
加赐三老、孝弟、力田帛，人二匹，鳏、寡、孤、独各一匹。”	加赐三老、孝悌、力田之人丝帛，每人二匹，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老各一匹。”	[Let there be] added grants of silk to the Thrice Venerable, the Filially Pious, the Fraternally Respectful, and the [Diligent] Cultivators of the Fields, two bolts to [each] person; and to widowers, widows, orphans, and childless, one bolt to each."
秋八月，赐故右扶风尹翁归子黄金百斤。以奉其祭祀。	秋季八月，赏赐已故右扶风尹翁归的儿子黄金百斤，用来供奉祭祀。	In the autumn, the eighth month, a hundred catties of actual gold were granted to the son of the former Western Sustainer, Yin Weng-kuei, for upholding the sacrifices to his [father].
又赐功臣適后黄金，人二十斤。	又赏赐功臣的嫡传后代黄金，每人二十斤。	Twenty catties of actual gold were also granted to each of the heirs of descendants of [Emperor Kao's] meritorious subjects.
丙寅，大司马卫将军安世薨。	丙寅日，大司马卫将军张安世去世。	On [the day] ping-yin, the Commander-in-chief and General of the Guard, [Chang] An-shih, died.
比年丰，谷石五钱。	连年丰收，每石谷物五钱。	For successive years there had been abundant [harvests, so that] grain [reached the price of] five cash per picul.
神爵元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。	神爵元年春季正月，皇帝驾临甘泉宫，在泰畤举行郊祭。	In [the period] Shen-chüeh, the first year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Kan-ch'üan [Palace with a visit, where he] made the suburban sacrifice at the altar to the Supreme [One].
三月，行幸河东，祠后土。	三月，驾临河东郡，祭祀后土神。	In the third month, he traveled and favored Ho-tung [Commandery with a visit, where he] sacrificed to Sovereign Earth.
诏曰：“朕承宗庙，战战栗栗，惟万事统，未烛厥理。	下诏说：“朕继承宗庙，惶恐不安，思考万事的纲纪，未能完全明白其中的道理。	His imperial edict said, "We have inherited [the care of the imperial] ancestral temples; tremblingly and circumspectly [We] have reflected upon the ordering of the myriad affairs [of the government, but We] have not yet understood perfectly its principles.
乃元康四年嘉谷、玄稷降于郡国，神爵仍集，金芝九茎产于函德殿铜池中，九真献奇兽，南郡获白虎、威凤为宝。	元康四年，嘉谷、黑黍降落在郡国，神爵不断聚集，函德殿铜池中长出九茎金芝，九真郡献上奇兽，南郡捕获白虎、威凤作为宝物。	Recently in the fourth year of [the period] Yüan-k'ang, auspicious cereal and black millet descended in the commanderies and kingdoms, supernatural birds repeatedly perched, a golden fungus of immortality with nine stalks grew in a copper basin of Han-tê Hall, Chiu-chen [Commandery] presented a strange animal, and in Nan Commandery there were captured a white tiger and a majestic male phoenix [to be kept] as treasures.
朕之不明，震于珍物，饬躬斋精，祈为百姓。	朕不够明智，被这些珍奇之物所震动，整饬自身，精勤斋戒，为百姓祈祷。	Not being intelligent, We were frightened by [such] precious objects, so [We] mastered Ourself, purified [Our] spirit, and prayed for the people.
东济大河，天气清静，神鱼舞河。	向东渡过黄河，天气清朗，神鱼在河中舞动。	When, going eastwards, [We] forded the great [Yellow] River, the weather was clear and calm, and supernatural fish played in the River.
幸万岁宫，神爵翔集。	驾临万岁宫，神爵飞翔聚集。	When [We] favored Wan-sui Palace [with a visit], supernatural birds flew about and perched.
朕之不德，恐不能任。	朕德行不足，恐怕不能担当。	Not being [perfectly] virtuous, [We] fear lest [We] be incompetent in [Our] duties.
其以五年为神爵元年。	改元康五年为神爵元年。	Let [this] fifth year [of Yüan-k'ang] be the first year of [the period] Shen-chüeh.
赐天下勤事吏爵二级，民一级，女子百户牛、酒，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。	赏赐天下勤奋做事的官吏爵位二级，百姓一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人赏丝帛。	And let there be made grants in the empire: two steps in noble rank to the diligent officials; one step to the common people; an ox and wine to the women of a hundred households; and silk to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged.
所振贷物勿收。	所赈济借贷的物品不再收回。	[Let] those things which have been [given] as assistance or loans not be collected [again].
行所过，毋出田租。”	皇帝出行所经过的地方，不缴纳田租。”	And let [the places] through which [We] have passed in traveling not [be required] to pay the land-tax on the fields."
西羌反，发三辅、中都官徒弛刑，及应募佽飞射士、羽林孤兒，胡、越骑，三河、颍川、沛郡、淮阳、汝南材官，金城、陇西、天水、安定、北地、上郡骑士、羌骑，诣金城。	西羌反叛，征发三辅、中都官的刑徒和弛刑徒，以及应募的佽飞射士、羽林孤儿，胡、越骑兵，三河、颍川、沛郡、淮阳、汝南的材官，金城、陇西、天水、安定、北地、上郡的骑士、羌骑，前往金城。	The Western Ch'iang rebelled. The convicts [who were serving in the prisons of] the Three Adjuncts and of the imperial capital offices were mobilized and were exempted from punishment [on condition that they served in the army]; there were also [mobilized] those who responded to the call [for enlistment] from among the bowmen of the Sharpshooters, the Winged Forest Orphans, the Hu and the Picked Cavalry; skilled soldiers from the three Ho Commanderies, Ying-ch'üan [Commandery, P'ei Commandery, Huai-yang [Commandery], and Ju-nan [Commandery]; and cavalrymen from Chin-ch'eng [Commandery], Lung-hsi [Commandery] T'ien-shui [Commandery], An-ting [Commandery], Po-ti [Commandery], and Shang Commandery. The Ch'iang horsemen came to Chin-ch'eng [Commandery].
夏四月，遣后将军赵充国、强弩将军许延寿击西羌。	夏季四月，派遣后将军赵充国、强弩将军许延寿攻打西羌。	In the summer, the fourth month, [the Emperor] sent the General of the Rear, Chao Ch'ung-kuo, and the General of Strong Crossbowmen, Hsü Yen-shou, to attack the Western Ch'iang.
六月，有星孛于东方。	六月，东方出现彗星。	In the sixth month, a comet appeared in the eastern quarter.
即拜酒泉太守辛武贤为破羌将军，与两将军并进。	当即任命酒泉太守辛武贤为破羌将军，与后将军、强弩将军一起进军。	[A messenger] went [to Chiu-ch'üan Commandery] and installed the Grand Administrator of Chiu-ch'üan [Commandery], Hsin Wu-hsien, as the General Who Routs the Ch'iang. Together with the [other] two generals, they advanced together.
诏曰：“军旅暴露，转输烦劳，其令诸侯王、列侯、蛮夷王、侯、君、长当朝二年者，皆毋朝。”	下诏说：“军队在外征战风餐露宿，转运物资烦劳，命令诸侯王、列侯、蛮夷王、侯、君、长中应当在第二年朝见的，都不必朝见。”	An imperial edict said, "In the army, [people] are exposed to the sun and the air; the transportation [of supplies for the army] is troublesome and toilsome. Let it be ordered that the vassal kings and the full marquises, [together with] the kings, marquises, baronets, and chiefs of the barbarians, who ought to pay their court-[respects] in the second year [of the period Shen-chüeh], should all not [be required] to come to court."
秋，赐故大司农朱邑子黄金百斤，以奉其祭祀。	秋季，赏赐已故大司农朱邑的儿子黄金百斤，用来供奉祭祀。	In the autumn, [the Emperor] granted to the son of the former Grand Minister of Agriculture, Chu Yi, a hundred catties of actual gold, in order to support his [ancestral] sacrifices.
后将军充国言屯田之计，语在《充国传》。	后将军赵充国上书提出屯田的计策，相关内容记载在《赵充国传》中。	The General of the Rear, [Chao] Ch'ung-kuo, spoke about his plan for [border] garrison farms. A discussion is in the "Memoir of [Chao] Ch'ung-kuo."
二年春二月，诏曰：“乃者正月乙丑，凤皇、甘露降集京师，群鸟从以万数。	神爵二年春季二月，下诏说：“此前正月乙丑日，凤凰、甘露降落在京城，数万只群鸟跟随。	In the second year, in the spring, the second month, an imperial edict said, "Recently, in the first month, on [the day] yi-ch'ou, phoenixes perched and sweet dew descended in the imperial capital, and flocks of birds by the ten-thousands in number followed [the phoenixes].
朕之不德，屡获天福，祗事不怠，其赦天下。”	朕德行不足，多次获得上天的福佑，恭敬地侍奉不懈，大赦天下。”	We are not [perfectly] virtuous, [yet] have repeatedly obtained the blessing of Heaven. [We have merely] been `careful in doing [Our] duty and have not been negligent'. Let an amnesty [be granted] to the empire."
夏五月，羌虏降服，斩其首恶大豪杨玉、酋非首。	夏季五月，羌人投降归顺，斩杀他们为首作恶的大豪强杨玉、酋非的首级。	In the summer, the fifth month, the Ch'iang caitiffs surrendered and submitted; the heads of their chief evil-doers, the great bravos, Yang Yü and Yu Fei, were cut off.
置金城属国以处降羌。	设置金城属国来安置投降的羌人。	[The Director of] Dependent states for Chin-ch'eng [Commandery] was established in order to settle the surrendered Ch'iang.
秋，匈奴日逐王先贤掸将人众万余来降。	秋季，匈奴日逐王先贤掸率领一万多人前来投降。	In the autumn, the Hun Jih-chu King, Hsien-hsien Ch'an, leading a multitude of more than ten thousand people, came to surrender [to the Chinese.
使都护西域骑都尉郑吉迎日逐，破车师，皆封列侯。	派遣西域都护骑都尉郑吉迎接日逐王，攻破车师国，都被封为列侯。	The Emperor] sent the Protector-general at the Western Frontier, the Chief Commandant of Cavalry, Cheng Chi, to receive the Jih-chu [King. Cheng Chi] had routed [the forces of] Turfan (Chü-shih); both [he and Hsien-hsien Ch'an] were enfeoffed as full marquises.
九月，司隶校尉盖宽饶有罪，下有司，自杀。	九月，司隶校尉盖宽饶有罪，被交给有关部门处理，自杀。	In the ninth month, the Colonel Director of the Retainers, Kai K'uan-jao, who had committed crimes, was given in charge of the high officials, and killed himself.
匈奴单于遣名王奉献，贺正月，始和亲。	匈奴单于派遣名王前来进贡，祝贺正月，开始和亲。	The Hun Shan-yü sent an important king to present tribute, congratulate [the Emperor at] the first month [court reception of the next year], and begin [a period of] peace and friendship.
三年春，起乐游苑。	神爵三年春季，修建乐游苑。	In the third year, in the spring, Lo-yu Park was prepared.
三月丙午，丞相相薨。	三月丙午日，丞相魏相去世。	In the third month, on [the day] ping-wu, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Wei] Hsiang, died.
秋八月，诏曰：“吏不廉平则治道衰。	秋季八月，下诏说：“官吏不廉洁公正，那么治道就会衰败。	In the autumn, the eighth month, an imperial edict said, "If the officials are not incorrupt and just, then their way of administration becomes weak.
今小吏皆勤事，而奉禄薄，欲其毋侵渔百姓，难矣。	现在小吏都勤奋做事，而俸禄微薄，想要他们不侵害掠夺百姓，很难啊。	At present the minor officials are all industrious in their work, yet their salaries are small, [so that although We] wish that they should not encroach upon or make demands upon the people, it is difficult [for them not to do so].
其益吏百石以下奉十五。”	增加百石以下官吏的俸禄十分之五。”	Let five-tenths [of their present salary be added to the salary of] officials [ranking at] one hundred piculs and [those of] lesser [ranks]."
四年春二月，诏曰：“乃者凤皇、甘露降集京师，嘉瑞并见。	神爵四年春季二月，下诏说：“此前凤凰、甘露降落在京城，吉祥的征兆一同出现。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the second month, an imperial edict said, "Recently male and female phoenixes have perched and sweet dew has descended in the capital, so that auspicious presages have appeared simultaneously.
修兴泰一、五帝、后士之祠，祈为百姓蒙祉福。	修建振兴泰一、五帝、后土的祠庙，祈祷为百姓蒙获福泽。	[We] have renewed the worship of the Supreme One, of the Five Lords [on High], and of Sovereign Earth, and have prayed that the people may receive blessings and happiness.
鸾凤万举，蜚览翱翔，集止于旁。	数万鸾凤飞起，飞翔盘旋，聚集停留在祠庙旁边。	Young phoenixes (luan) have risen by the ten-thousands, have flown to observe and to fly back and forth, and have perched and stopped beside [the capital].
斋戒之暮，神光显著。	斋戒的傍晚，神光明显显现。	At sunset, during [Our] retreat and fast, supernatural brilliances appeared and shone.
荐鬯之夕，神光交错。	进献鬯酒的夜晚，神光交错。	At the evening presentations of aromatic liquor [to the manes], supernatural lights crisscrossed each other.
或降于天，或登于地，或从四方来集于坛。	有的从天上降下，有的从地上升起，有的从四方汇集到祭坛。	Sometimes they descended from Heaven, sometimes they arose from the Earth, and sometimes they came from the Four Quarters and gathered at the altar.
上帝嘉飨，海内承福。	上帝欣然享用祭祀，天下承受福泽。	The Lords on High have approved and received [Our offerings and all the world] within the [four] seas receives their blessings.
其赦天下，赐民爵一级，女子百户牛、酒，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。”	大赦天下，赏赐百姓爵位一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人赏丝帛。”	Let an amnesty be granted to the empire, [let] the common people be granted one step in noble rank, [let] the women of a hundred households [be granted] an ox and wine, and [let] widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged [be granted] silk."
夏四月，颍川太守黄霸以治行尤异秩中二千石，赐爵关内侯，黄金百斤。	夏季四月，颍川太守黄霸因政绩特别优异被提升为中二千石俸禄，赐爵关内侯，黄金百斤。	In the fourth month, because the administration of the Grand Administrator in Ying-ch'uan [Commandery], Huang Pa, was especially excellent, he was ranked at fully two thousand piculs and was granted the noble rank of Kuan-nei Marquis and a hundred catties of actual gold.
及颍川吏、民有行义者爵，人二级，力田一级，贞妇、顺女帛。	以及颍川官吏、百姓中有德行道义的人赐爵，每人二级，力田之人一级，贞妇、顺女赏丝帛。	The officials and common people of Ying-ch'uan [Commandery] who had acted righteously were moreover [granted] two steps in noble rank per person; the [Diligent] Cultivators of the Fields, one step; and chaste wives and obedient daughters, silk.
令内郡国举贤良可亲民者各一人。	命令内地郡国各举荐一名能够亲近百姓的贤良。	[The Emperor] ordered that each of the inner commanderies and kingdoms should recommend [to the imperial court] one capable and good [person] who was able "to cherish the common people."
五月，匈奴单于遣弟呼留若王胜之来朝。	五月，匈奴单于派遣弟弟呼留若王胜之前来朝见。	In the fifth month, the Hun Shan-yü [Wu-yen-ch'ü-ti] sent his younger brother, the King of Huliu-jo, [Lüan-ti] Sheng-chih, to pay court [to the Emperor].
冬十月，凤皇十一集杜陵。	冬季十月，十一只凤凰聚集在杜陵。	In the winter, the tenth month, eleven male and female phoenixes perched at Tu-ling.
十一月，河南太守严延年有罪，弃市。	十一月，河南太守严延年有罪，被处死示众。	In the eleventh month, the Grand Administrator of Ho-nan [Commandery], Chuang Yen-nien, who had committed crimes, was publicly executed.
十二月，凤皇集上林。	十二月，凤凰聚集在上林苑。	In the twelfth month, male and female phoenixes perched in Shang-lin [Park].
五凤元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。	五凤元年春季正月，皇帝驾临甘泉宫，在泰畤举行郊祭。	In [the year-period] Wu-feng, the first year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Kan-ch'uan [Palace with a visit, where he] performed the suburban sacrifice at the altar to the Supreme [One].
皇太子冠。	皇太子举行加冠礼。	The imperial Heir-apparent, [Liu Shih], was capped.
皇太后赐丞相、将军、列侯、中二千石帛，人百匹，大夫人八十匹，夫人六十匹。	皇太后赏赐丞相、将军、列侯、中二千石官员丝帛，每人一百匹，大夫八十匹，夫人六十匹。	And the Empress Dowager [née Shang-kuan] made grants of silk to the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Ping Chi], the generals, the full marquises, and [officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs, one hundred bolts to each; and to the grandees, eighty bolts to each. She also granted to the heirs of full marquises the noble rank of Fifth [Rank] Grandee.
又赐列侯嗣子爵五大夫，男子为父后者爵一级。	又赏赐列侯的嗣子爵位五大夫，男子中作为父亲继承人的爵一级。	And to boys who would be the heirs of their fathers, one step in noble rank.
夏，赦徒作杜陵者。	夏季，赦免修建杜陵的刑徒。	In the summer, an amnesty [was granted] to the convicts who had built the Tu Tomb.
冬十二月乙酉朔，日有蚀之。	冬季十二月乙酉日初一，发生日食。	In the winter, the twelfth month, on [the day] yi-yu, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
左冯翊韩延寿有罪，弃市。	左冯翊韩延寿有罪，被处死示众。	The Eastern Supporter, Han Yen-shou, who had committed crimes, was publicly executed.
二年春三月，行幸雍，祠五畤。	五凤二年春季三月，皇帝驾临雍地，祭祀五畤。	In the second year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Yung [with a visit, where he] sacrificed at the altars to the Five [Lords].
夏四月已丑，大司马车骑将军增薨。	夏季四月己丑日，大司马车骑将军韩增去世。	In the summer, the fourth month, on [the day] chi-ch'ou, the Commander-in-chief and General of Chariots and Cavalry, [Han] Tseng, died.
秋八月，诏曰：“夫婚姻之礼，人伦之大者也；酒食之会，所以行礼乐也。	秋季八月，下诏说：“婚姻的礼仪，是人际关系中最重要的；酒食的宴会，是用来推行礼乐的。	In the autumn, the eighth month, an imperial edict said, "Verily, the rites of marriage are the [most] important feature of human relationships; gatherings for drinking and feasting are the means whereby the rules of proper conduct and music are performed.
今郡国二千石或擅为苛禁，禁民嫁娶不得具酒食相贺召。	现在郡国二千石官员有的擅自制定苛刻的禁令，禁止百姓嫁娶时准备酒食互相庆贺宴请。	[But] now in the commanderies and kingdoms, some of [the officials ranking at] two thousand piculs arbitrarily make vexatious prohibitions, imposing prohibitions upon the common people when they give or take in marriage, so that they are not permitted to prepare feasts, to offer felicitations, or to summon each other [together].
由是废乡党之礼，令民亡所乐，非所以导民也。	因此废除了乡里的礼仪，让百姓没有欢乐的事，这不是引导百姓的方法。	In this way they have abolished the rites of proper conduct for the districts and villages and have caused the common people to be without any means of enjoyment. This is not the way in which to guide the common people.
《诗》不云乎？‘民之失德，乾餱以愆。’	《诗经》不是说吗？‘百姓失去道德，是因为吝啬干粮而产生过错。’	Does not the Book of Odes say, `If people are lacking in virtue, They are sparing [even] in the dry provisions [they provide].'
勿行苛政。”	不要施行苛刻的政令。”	Do not rule [in such a] vexatious [fashion]."
冬十一月，匈奴呼遬累单于帅众来降，封为列侯。	冬季十一月，匈奴呼遬累单于率领部众前来投降，被封为列侯。	In the winter, the eleventh month, the Hun Shan-yu Hu-su-lei, leading his troop, came [to China] and surrendered. He was enfeoffed as a full marquis.
十二月，平通侯杨恽坐前为光禄勋有罪，免为庶人。	十二月，平通侯杨恽因先前担任光禄勋时有罪，被免去爵位成为平民。	In the twelfth month, the [former] Marquis of P'ing-t'ung, Yang Yün, was sentenced for having previously committed a crime, when he was Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He was dismissed and made a commoner.
不悔过，怨望，大逆不道，要斩。	他不后悔过错，心怀怨恨，大逆不道，被腰斩。	He did not repent for his fault and cherished a grudge, which was treason and inhuman conduct, so he was [later] executed by being cut in two at the waist.
三年春正月癸卯，丞相吉薨。	五凤三年春季正月癸卯日，丞相丙吉去世。	In the third year, in the spring, the first month, on [the day] kuei-mao, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Ping] Chi, died.
三月，行幸河东，祠后土。	三月，皇帝驾临河东郡，祭祀后土神。	In the third month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Ho-tung [Commandery by a visit, where he] sacrificed to Sovereign Earth.
诏曰：“往者匈奴数为边寇，百姓被其害。	下诏说：“过去匈奴多次侵犯边境，百姓遭受他们的祸害。	An imperial edict said, "In the past, the Huns many times made border raids and the people were injured by them.
朕承至尊，未能绥安匈奴。	朕继承帝位，没能安抚匈奴。	Since We have succeeded to this most exalted [position, We] have not yet been able to [achieve] repose and tranquility [for the world].
虚闾权渠单于请求和亲，病死。	虚闾权渠单于请求和亲，因病去世。	The Hun Shan-yü Hsü-lü-ch'üan-ch'ü begged and asked for peace and friendship, [but] became ill and died.
右贤王屠耆堂代立。	右贤王屠耆堂代替他继位。	The Worthy King of the West, [Lüan-ti] T'u-ch'i-t'ang, was enthroned in his place.
骨肉大臣立虚闾权渠单于子为呼韩邪单于，击杀屠耆堂。	骨肉大臣拥立虚闾权渠单于的儿子为呼韩邪单于，击杀屠耆堂。	[But] the great ministers of the [Hun imperial] blood set up a son of Shan-yü Hsü-lü-ch'üan-ch'ü as Shan-yü Hu-han-hsieh, and attacked and killed [Lüan-ti] T'u-ch'i-t'ang.
诸王并自立，分为五单于，更相攻击，死者以万数，畜产大耗什八九，人民饥饿，相燔烧以求食，因大乖乱。	各王同时自立，分为五个单于，互相攻击，死亡的人数以万计，牲畜损失十分之八九，百姓饥饿，互相烧杀来谋求食物，因此造成极大的混乱。	Various [Hun] kings simultaneously set themselves up and divided [the Hun realm between] five Shan-yü. In turn they attacked and fought with each other. The dead [number] in the ten-thousands, the [Hun] flocks and herds have been largely destroyed, [even to the extent of] eight or nine-tenths, and their people are hungry and starving, so that they roast and broil each other in seeking for food. Because of these great wrongs and disturbances.
单于阏氏子孙、昆弟及呼遬累单于、名王、右伊秩訾、且渠、当户以下将众五万余人来降归义。	单于的阏氏子孙、兄弟以及呼遬累单于、名王、右伊秩訾、且渠、当户以下率领部众五万多人前来投降归顺。	The Yen-chih of a Shan-yü, with her children, grandchildren, older and younger brothers, together with Shan-yü Hu-su-lei, and important kings, the Western Yi-chih-tzu, [also] Chü-chü, Tang-hu, and [Hun officials] subordinate [to them], leading a troop of more than fifty thousand people, have come and surrendered [to Us], returning to their [proper] fealty.
单于称臣，使弟奉珍朝驾正月，北边晏然，靡有兵革之事。	单于称臣，派遣弟弟奉献珍宝在正月来朝见，北部边境安宁，没有战争之事。	Shan-yü [Hu-han-hsieh] called himself [Our] subject and sent his younger brother to present [to Us] precious objects and to pay court and congratulate [Us at the great court in] the first month. The northern borders are at repose and have no military concerns.
朕饬躬斋戒，郊上帝，祠后土，神光并见，或兴于谷，烛耀齐宫，十有余刻。	朕整饬自身斋戒，郊祭上帝，祭祀后土，神光同时显现，有的从山谷中升起，照耀斋宫，持续十多刻。	"We have restrained Ourself, purified [Ourself], and fasted; when [We] performed the suburban sacrifice to the Lords on High and sacrificed to Sovereign Earth, supernatural lights were simultaneously seen and some rose in the valley. They shone and scintillated in the palace for purification for more than ten divisions [of the clepsydra].
甘露降，神爵集。	甘露降下，神爵聚集。	Sweet dew has descended and supernatural birds have perched.
已诏有司告祠上帝、宗庙。	已经诏令有关部门告知祭祀上帝、宗庙。	[We] have already issued an imperial edict that the high officials should give information [of the above] in the sacrifices to the Lords on High and in the [imperial] ancestral temples.
三月辛丑，鸾凤又集长乐宫东阙中树上，飞下止地，文章五色，留十余刻，吏民并观。	三月辛丑日，鸾凤又聚集在长乐宫东阙中的树上，飞下停在地上，羽毛有五彩花纹，停留十多刻，官吏百姓一起观看。	In the third month, on [the day] hsin-ch'ou, young phoenixes again perched upon the trees within the Eastern Portal of Ch'ang-lo Palace, flew down, and stopped on the ground. They were beautifully ornamented in [all] five colors, and stayed for more than ten divisions [on the clepsydra, so that] officials and common people saw them simultaneously.
朕之不敏，惧不能任，娄蒙嘉瑞，获兹祉福。	朕不聪慧，恐怕不能胜任，多次蒙获吉祥的征兆，获得这样的福泽。	"We are not intelligent and fear that [We] are incapable for [Our] post, [yet] have frequently received auspicious presages and obtained such celestial favors and happinesses.
《书》不云乎？‘虽休勿休，祗事不怠。’	《尚书》不是说吗？‘虽然获得吉庆也不要懈怠，恭敬地做事不松懈。’	Does not the Book of History say, `Although [you receive] happy omens, do not [consider them as] happy omens. Be careful in doing your duty, and be not negligent'?
公卿大夫其勖焉。	公卿大夫要努力啊。	Let the high ministers and the grandees exert themselves [to do their best.
减天下口钱。	减少天下的人口税。	Let] the poll-money in the [whole] empire be reduced.
赦殊死以下。	赦免死刑以下的罪犯。	And [let] an amnesty [be granted to those who have committed crimes] [deserving] capital punishment or lesser [crimes.
赐民爵一级，女子百户牛、酒。	赏赐百姓爵位一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒。	Let] the common people be granted one step in noble rank, [let] the women of a hundred households [be granted] an ox and wine.
大酺五日。	允许百姓大宴五天。	and [let there be permission for] drinking during five days.
加赐鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。”	加赐鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人丝帛。”	[We] add grants of silk to the widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged people."
置西河、北地属国以处匈奴降者。	设置西河、北地属国来安置投降的匈奴人。	There were established [Chief Commandants of] Dependent States for Hsi-ho and Po-ti [Commanderies], in order to settle those Huns who had surrendered.
四年春正月，广陵王胥有罪，自杀。	五凤四年春季正月，广陵王刘胥有罪，自杀。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the first month, the King of Kuang-ling, [Liu] Hsüa, who had committed crimes, killed himself.
匈奴单于称臣，遣弟谷蠡王入侍。	匈奴单于称臣，派遣弟弟谷蠡王入朝侍奉。	The Hun Shan-yü [Hu-han-hsieh] called himself a subject [of the Chinese Emperor] and sent his younger brother, the Lu-li King, to enter [the Chinese court] and wait upon [the Emperor].
以边塞亡寇，减戍卒什二。	因为边塞没有敌寇，减少戍卒十分之二。	so that the barriers at the border were without raids and the troops guarding the frontiers were reduced two-tenths.
大司农中丞耿寿昌奏设常平仓，以给北边，省转漕。	大司农中丞耿寿昌上奏请求设置常平仓，用来供应北方边境，减少漕运。	The Palace Assistant Grand Minister of Agriculture, Keng Shou-ch'ang, memorialized that Constantly Equalizing Granaries should be established, in order to provision the northern borders and reduce [the amount] of transport [for grain].
赐爵关内侯。	赐爵关内侯。	He was granted the noble rank of Kuan-nei Marquis.
夏四月辛丑晦，日有蚀之。	夏季四月辛丑日是月底，发生日食。	In the summer, the fourth month, on [the day] hsin-ch'ou, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
昭曰：“皇天见异，以戒朕躬，是朕之不逮，吏之不称也。	下诏说：“皇天出现异常现象，来警戒朕，这是朕的不足，官吏不称职造成的。	The imperial edict said, "August Heaven makes a prodigy appear in order to warn Our person. This [event has happened because] We are inadequate and the officials are not suitable [to their positions].
以前使使者问民所疾苦，复遣丞相、御史掾二十四人循行天下，举冤狱，察擅为苛禁深刻不改者。”	以前派遣使者询问百姓的疾苦，再派遣丞相、御史掾二十四人巡视天下，平反冤狱，考察擅自制定苛刻禁令且严酷不改的人。”	Previously, [We] sent messengers to ask the common people what they suffered from or were troubled by; again [We] sent twenty-four Division Heads [from the offices of] the Lieutenant Chancellor and [Grandee] Secretary to inspect and travel about the empire, to recommend concerning injustices in trials at law and to search for those who arbitrarily make tyrannous prohibitions, are extremely exacting, and have not reformed themselves."
甘露元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。	甘露元年春季正月，皇帝驾临甘泉宫，在泰畤举行郊祭。	In [the period] Kan-lu, the first year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Kan-ch'uan [Palace with a visit, where he] performed the suburban sacrifice at the altar to the Supreme [One].
匈奴呼韩邪单于遣子右贤王铢娄渠堂入侍。	匈奴呼韩邪单于派遣儿子右贤王铢娄渠堂入朝侍奉。	The Hun Shan-yü Hu-han-hsieh sent his son, the Worthy King of the West, [Lüan-ti] Shu-lü-ch'ü-t'ang, to enter [the Chinese court] and wait upon [the Emperor].
二月丁已，大司马车骑将军延寿薨。	二月丁巳日，大司马车骑将军许延寿去世。	In the second month, on [the day] ting-szu, the Commander-in-chief and General of Chariots and Cavalry, [Hsü] Yen-shou, died.
夏四月，黄龙见新丰。	夏季四月，黄龙出现在新丰。	In the summer, the fourth month, a yellow dragon appeared at Hsin-feng.
丙申，太上皇庙火。	丙申日，太上皇庙发生火灾。	On [the day] ping-shen, the Temple of the Grand Emperor burnt.
甲辰，孝文庙火。	甲辰日，孝文庙发生火灾。	And on [the day] chia-ch'en the Temple of [Emperor] Hsiao-wen burnt.
上素服五日。	皇上穿素服五天。	The Emperor wore plain clothes to the fifth day.
冬，匈奴单于遣弟左贤王来朝贺。	冬季，匈奴单于派遣弟弟左贤王前来朝贺。	In the winter, the Hun Shan-yu [Chih-chih] sent his younger brother, the Worthy King of the East, to come to pay court and offer congratulations [to the Emperor at the grand court in the first month of the next year].
二年春正月，立皇子嚣为定陶王。	甘露二年春季正月，立皇子刘嚣为定陶王。	In the second year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] established his Imperial Son [Liu] Ao as the King of Ting-t'ao.
诏曰：“乃者凤皇、甘露降集，黄龙登兴，醴泉滂流，枯槁荣茂，神光并见，咸受祯祥。	下诏说：“此前凤凰、甘露降落聚集，黄龙出现，醴泉涌流，枯木茂盛，神光同时显现，都蒙受吉祥。	An imperial edict said, "Recently male and female phoenixes have perched and sweet dew has descended, a yellow dragon has ascended and risen, wine springs have flowed abundantly, dried and withered [trees] have flowered and flourished, supernatural lights have simultaneously appeared, and all [people] have received happy auspices.
其赦天下。	大赦天下。	Let an amnesty [be granted] to the empire.
减民算三十。	减少百姓算赋三十钱。	And let the poll-tax (suan) of the common people be reduced by thirty [cash.
赐诸侯王、丞相、将军、列侯、中二千石金、钱各有差。	赏赐诸侯王、丞相、将军、列侯、中二千石官员黄金、钱币各有不等。	Let] gold and cash be granted to the vassal kings, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Huang Pa], the generals, the full marquises, and [officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs, to each proportionately.
赐民爵一级，女子百户牛、酒，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。”	赏赐百姓爵位一级，女子每百户赏牛、酒，鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老、高龄老人赏丝帛。”	[Let] there be granted: to the common people, one step in rank; to the women of a hundred households, an ox and wine; and to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged, silk."
夏四月，遣护军都尉禄将兵击珠崖。	夏季四月，派遣护军都尉禄率领军队攻打珠崖。	In the summer, the fourth month, [the Emperor] sent the Chief Commandant of the Protecting Army, [Chang] Lu, with troops, to attack [the rebels in] Chu-yai [Commandery].
秋九月，立皇子宇为东平王。	秋季九月，立皇子刘宇为东平王。	In the autumn, the ninth month, [the Emperor] set up his Imperial Son [Liu] Yü as King of Tung-p'ing.
冬十二月，行幸萯阳宫属玉观。	冬季十二月，皇帝驾临萯阳宫属玉观。	In the winter, the twelfth month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Yo-tsu Lodge of Pei-yang Palace [with a visit].
匈奴呼韩邪单于款五原塞，愿奉国珍朝三年正月。	匈奴呼韩邪单于到五原塞叩关，希望奉献国家珍宝在甘露三年正月来朝见。	The Hun Shan-yü Hu-han-hsieh asked for permission to enter the Barrier of Wu-yüan [Commandery], wishing to present treasures from his state and come to pay court in the first month of the third year [in the period Kan-lu].
诏有司议。	下诏让有关部门商议。	An imperial edict [ordered] the [high] officials to discuss [the matter].
咸曰：“圣王之制，施德行礼，先京师而后诸夏，先诸夏而后夷狄。	众人都说：“圣王的制度，施行德政推行礼仪，先京师而后中原，先中原而后夷狄。	Together they replied: "[According to] the institutes of the Sage-kings, in granting favors and in treating [people in accordance with] the rules of proper conduct, [the Emperor] should [put] the capital region ahead and put [the rest of] the Chinese [states] behind; [he should then] put the Chinese [states] ahead and put the barbarians behind.
《诗》云：‘率礼不越，遂视既发。相土烈烈，海外有截。’	《诗经》说：‘遵循礼仪不越轨，于是巡视各地。相土威武，海外都整齐归顺。’	The Book of Odes says, `[Hsieh] led [his people in accordance with] the rules of proper conduct, so that they did not transgress [those rules]. Everyone paid attention to [his orders] and acted accordingly. [As a consequence,] Hsiang-t'u was majestic, And [even states] beyond the seas were well-ordered.'
陛下圣德。充塞天地，光被四表。	陛下圣德充满天地，光辉遍及四方。	"Your Majesty's sage virtue has completely filled Heaven and Earth and `your brilliance has extended to the four extremities of the empire'.
匈奴单于乡风慕义，举国同心，奉珍朝贺，自古未之有也。	匈奴单于向往教化仰慕仁义，全国同心，奉献珍宝来朝贺，自古以来没有过这样的事。	so that the Hun Shan-yü has turned towards your good example, longs to [perform his duties of] fealty, and his whole country is agreed that he should present treasures and pay [your Majesty] court [to present his] congratulations—[such a thing] has not happened from ancient times [to the present].
单于非正朔所加，王者所客也，礼仪宜如诸侯王，称臣昧死再拜，位次诸侯王下。”	单于不受中原正朔，是王者的宾客，礼仪应当如同诸侯王，称臣叩拜，位次在诸侯王之下。”	A Shan-yü is not [a ruler to whom] the first day of the first month [in the Chinese calendar] is applicable or who can be [treated as] a guest by a [true universal] king. [According to] the rites and ceremonies, it is proper that he should acknowledge himself a subject like the vassal kings, [employ the standard phrase used by subjects in their memorials, viz.:] `risking death and making repeated obeisances,' and be ranked next below the vassal kings."
诏曰：“盖闻五帝三王，礼所不施，不及以政。	下诏说：“听说五帝三王，礼仪不施加于他们力所不及的地方，政令也不达到那里。	The imperial edict, [however], said, "Verily, [We] have heard that the Five Lords and the three [dynasties of] Kings did not touch in their administration those who had not been influenced by the rules of proper conduct [i.e., the outer barbarians].
今匈奴单于称北籓臣，朝正月，朕之不逮，德不能弘覆。	现在匈奴单于称北藩臣，在正月来朝见，朕的德行不足，不能广泛覆盖。	Now the Hun Shan-yü has styled himself [Our] feudatory at the northern frontier and [is coming to] pay court in the first month. We are inadequate and [Our] virtue is unable to cover [the earth] widely.
其以客礼待之，位在诸侯王上。”	用客礼接待他，位次在诸侯王之上。”	Let [the Shan-yü] be treated according to the rites for a guest and [let] his rank be above that of the vassal kings."
三年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。	甘露三年春季正月，皇帝驾临甘泉宫，在泰畤举行郊祭。	In the third year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Kan-ch'uan [Palace with a visit, where he] performed the suburban sacrifice at the altar to the Supreme [One].
匈奴呼韩邪单于稽侯犭册来朝，赞谒称籓臣而不名。	匈奴呼韩邪单于稽侯犭册来朝见，拜见时自称藩臣而不称名。	When the Hun Shan-yü Hu-han-hsieh, [Lüan-ti] Chi-hou-shan, came to pay court, he was introduced and announced as a subject from the border, but his personal name was not used.
赐以玺绶、冠带、衣裳、安车、驷马、黄金、锦绣、缯絮。	赏赐他玺绶、冠带、衣裳、安车、驷马、黄金、锦绣、缯絮。	and he was granted an imperial seal and seal-ribbon, hats, girdles, garments, a comfortable carriage, a quadriga of horses, actual gold, silk, flowered silk, embroidery, and silk floss.
使有司道单于先行就邸长安，宿长平。	派有关部门引导单于先到长安官邸，住在长平。	[The Emperor] had high officials lead the Shan-yü. First he went to his prince's lodge in Chang-an and spent the night at Ch'ang-p'ing [Lodge].
上自甘泉宿池阳宫。	皇上从甘泉宫出发住在池阳宫。	The Emperor, [coming] from Kan-ch'uan [Palace], spent the night at Ch'ih-yang Palace.
上登长平阪，诏单于毋谒。	皇上登上长平阪，下诏令单于不必拜谒。	When the Emperor mounted the Ch'ang-p'ing Slope, he instructed the Shan-yü by an edict not to pay his respects [then].
共左右当户之群皆列观，蛮夷君、长、王、侯迎者数万人，夹道陈。	单于的左右当户等官员都列队观看，蛮夷君长、王、侯前来迎接的有几万人，在道路两旁列队。	and so the multitude of his Eastern and Western Tang-hu all spread themselves out to observe [the imperial cortege]. The barbarian baronets, chiefs, kings, and marquises and those who met [the cortege, numbering] several ten-thousands of people, crowded the road and arranged themselves in order.
上登渭桥，咸称万岁。	皇上登上渭桥，众人都呼喊万岁。	When the Emperor mounted the Wei [River] Bridge, with one accord they cried out, "Long life."
单于就邸。	单于回到官邸。	The Shan-yü went to his prince's lodge.
置酒建章宫，飨赐单于，观以珍宝。	在建国宫设置酒宴，款待赏赐单于，让他观赏珍宝。	[The Emperor] held a feast in Chien-chang Palace and granted the Shan-yü a great banquet, [at which the Shan-yü] was shown [the imperial] treasures.
二月，单于罢归。	二月，单于结束朝见返回。	In the second month, the Shan-yü was dismissed and went back home.
遣长乐卫尉高昌侯忠、车骑都尉昌、骑都尉虎将万六千骑送单于。	派遣长乐卫尉高昌侯董忠、车骑都尉韩昌、骑都尉虎率领一万六千骑兵护送单于。	[The Emperor] sent the Commandant of the Ch'ang-lo [Palace] Guard, the Marquis of Kao-ch'ang, [Tung] Chung; the Chief Commandant of Chariots and Cavalry, [Han] Ch'ang; and the Chief Commandant of Cavalry, Hu; leading sixteen thousand cavalry, to escort the Shan-yü [out of Chinese territory].
单于居幕南，保光禄城。	单于住在漠南，依靠光禄城。	The Shan-yü [thereafter] dwelt south of the [Gobi] Desert and took refuge in the Kuang-lu-ch'eng.
诏北边振谷食。	下诏令北方边境赈济粮食。	An imperial edict [ordered] the northern borders to assist him with grain and food.
郅支单于远遁，匈奴遂定。	郅支单于远逃，匈奴于是安定。	[Later] the [rival] Shan-yü Chih-chih fled far away and the Huns were thereupon pacified.
诏曰：“乃者凤皇集新蔡，群鸟四面行列，皆乡凤皇立，以万数。	下诏说：“此前凤凰聚集在新蔡，群鸟从四面列队，都面向凤凰站立，数以万计。	An imperial edict said, "Recently, male and female phoenixes perched at Hsin-ts'ai, and flocks of birds, which were numbered by the ten-thousands, arranged themselves in rows on all sides, all standing facing the phoenixes.
其赐汝南太守帛百匹，新蔡长吏、三老、孝弟、力田、鳏、寡、孤、独各有差。	赏赐汝南太守丝帛百匹，新蔡的长吏、三老、孝悌、力田、鳏夫、寡妇、孤儿、独老各有不等的赏赐。	Let there be granted to the Grand Administrator of Ju-nan [Commandery] a hundred bolts of silk and in Hsin-ts'ai [let grants of silk be made] to the Chief Officials, the Thrice Venerable, the Filially Pious, the Fraternally Respectful, and the [Diligent] Cultivators of the Fields, and to widowers, widows, orphans, and childless, to each proportionately.
赐民爵二级。	赏赐百姓爵位二级。	[Let] two steps in noble rank be granted to the common people.
毋出今年租。”	不缴纳今年的租税。”	And let them not pay this year's tax on the fields."
三月已丑，丞相霸薨。	三月己丑日，丞相黄霸去世。	In the third month, on [the day] chi-ch'ou, the Lieutenant Chancellor, [Huang] Pa, died.
诏诸儒讲《五经》同异，太子太傅萧望之等平奏其议，上亲称制临决焉。	下诏令众儒生讨论《五经》的异同，太子太傅萧望之等人归纳上奏他们的议论，皇上亲自称制临朝决断。	An imperial edict [ordered] that the Confucian scholars should discuss the discrepancies in the Five Classics. The Grand Tutor of the Heir-apparent, Hsiao Wang-chih, and others evaluated and memorialized their discussions. The Emperor himself pronounced [these accounts] imperial decrees, attended [upon the discussions] and decided [their disputes].
乃立梁丘《易》、大小夏侯《尚书》、穀梁《春秋》博士。	于是设立梁丘《易》、大小夏侯《尚书》、穀梁《春秋》博士。	Thereupon there were established Erudits for Liang-ch'iu [Ho's interpretation of] the Book of Changes, for [the interpretation of] the Book of History by the senior and junior Hsia-hou [i.e., Hsia-hou Sheng and Hsia-hou Chien], and for the Ku-liang [Commentary on] the Spring and Autumn.
冬，乌孙公主来归。	冬季，乌孙公主前来归附。	In the winter, the [Chinese] Princess of the Wu-sun, [Liu Chieh-yu], arrived, returning [to China].
四年夏，广川王海阳有罪，废迁房陵。	甘露四年夏季，广川王海阳有罪，被废黜迁徙到房陵。	In the fourth year, in the summer, the King of Kuang-ch'uan, [Liu] Hai-yang, who had committed crimes, was dismissed and exiled to Fang-ling.
冬十月丁卯，未央宫宣室阁火。	冬季十月丁卯日，未央宫宣室阁发生火灾。	In the winter, the tenth month, on [the day] ting-mao, there was a fire at the small doors of the Hsüan Room in Wei-yang Palace.
黄龙元年春正月，行幸甘泉，郊泰畤。	黄龙元年春季正月，皇帝驾临甘泉宫，在泰畤举行郊祭。	In [the year-period] Huang-lung, the first year, in the spring, the first month, [the Emperor] traveled and favored Kan-ch'uan [Palace with a visit, where he] offered the suburban sacrifice at the altar to the Supreme [One].
匈奴呼韩邪单于来朝，礼赐如初。	匈奴呼韩邪单于来朝见，礼仪赏赐和以前一样。	The Hun Shan-yü Hu-han-hsieh came to pay court. The ceremonies and grants [made to him] were [the same as] previously.
二月，单于归国。	二月，单于返回本国。	In the second month, the Shan-yü returned to his state.
诏曰：“盖闻上古之治，君臣同心，举措曲直，各得其所。	下诏说：“听说上古的治理，君臣同心，举措对错，各得其所。	An imperial edict said, "Verily, [We] have heard that in most ancient times, in the government, the prince and his subjects were of the same mind, and promotions of the upright and dismissals of the unjust were each according to their deserts.
是以上下和洽，海内康平，其德弗可及已。	因此上下和睦融洽，天下安康太平，他们的德行是后世难以企及的。	For this reason the superior and his inferiors were at harmony and in accord, [all] within the [four] seas were tranquil and at peace, and the virtue of those [rulers] cannot be attained.
朕既不明，数申诏公卿、大夫务行宽大，顺民所疾苦，将欲配三王之隆，明先帝之德也。	朕不贤明，多次申明诏令公卿、大夫务必施行宽大政策，顺应百姓的疾苦，想要媲美三王的盛业，彰显先帝的德行。	"Since We are unintelligent, [We] have several times made known in [Our] edicts to the ministers and grandees that they ought to practise clemency and generosity and suit [their actions] to the sufferings and bitternesses of the common people, [because We] wished to equal the high attainment of the Three Kings and to manifest the virtue [of Our] imperial predecessors.
今吏或以不禁奸邪为宽大，纵释有罪为不苛，或以酷恶为贤，皆失其中。	现在有的官吏把不禁止奸邪当作宽大，把放纵有罪之人当作不苛刻，有的把残酷凶恶当作贤能，都失去了适中的原则。	"[But] now some officials have thought that not prohibiting wickedness and evil constitutes clemency and generosity and that setting free or dismissing criminals constitutes the absence of tyranny, [whereas] some consider that tyranny and evil-doing constitute capability. All [of these persons] have failed to attain the [true] mean.
奉诏宣化如此，岂不谬哉！	像这样奉行诏令宣扬教化，难道不荒谬吗！	When they receive [Our] edicts and promulgate [Our] instruction in such [ways], how can they be without errors?
方今天下少事，徭役省减，兵革不动，而民多贫，盗贼不止，其咎安在？	如今天下事端较少，徭役减少，战事不起，而百姓多贫困，盗贼不断，过错在哪里呢？	"Just now the empire has very little trouble, forced labor and military service have been dispensed with or lessened, and the armies are not in motion, yet there is much poverty among the common people and robberies and thefts have not stopped. Wherein lies the cause [for this situation?
上计簿，具文而已，务为欺谩，以避其课。	上报的计簿，只是空文而已，力求欺骗蒙蔽，来逃避考核。	It lies] in sending [from the various parts of the empire to the central government, yearly] registers of accounts which are merely padding and strive to deceive and lie [to Us], in order to avoid a trial for [blamable conduct].
三公不以为意，朕将何任？	三公不放在心上，朕将依靠谁呢？	If the three highest ministers do not pay attention [to such matters], whom can We depend upon?
诸请诏省卒徒自给者皆止。	各种请求诏令减少士卒徒役自给的都停止。	"[Let the practise] be altogether stopped [of officials] asking for an imperial edict to dispense with their soldiers and followers in order to provide for their own [needs by making exactions from the people].
御史察计簿，疑非实者，按之，使真伪毋相乱。”	御史检查计簿，对怀疑不是实情的，进行审查，使真假不互相混淆。”	The [Grandee] Secretary [shall] investigate the registers of accounts; if he suspects that they are not [in accordance with] reality, he should have them [examined and] judged, so that truth and falsehood may not be confused with each other."
三月，有星孛于王良、阁道，入紫宫。	三月，有彗星出现在王良、阁道星座，进入紫宫星座。	In the third month, a comet [appeared in the constellations] Wang Liang and Ko-tao, and entered [the constellation] Tzu-kung.
夏四月，诏曰：“举廉吏，诚欲得其真也。	夏季四月，下诏说：“举荐廉吏，实在是想要得到真正的廉吏。	In the summer, the fourth month, an imperial edict said, "In [ordering] the recommendation of incorrupt officials, [We] sincerely desire to attain precisely [what is due] them.
吏六百石位大夫，有罪先请，秩禄上通，足以效其贤材，自今以来毋得举。”	六百石官吏位为大夫，有罪先请示，俸禄等级向上通达，足以显示他们的贤才，从今以后不得举荐。”	When officials [ranking at] 600 piculs or those who have the post of a Grandee have committed crimes, before [they are punished, the officials must now] ask [for the throne's consent]. Their rank and salary [are such that] they [can] communicate with the Emperor, [which is] sufficient so that they can make their ability and talents known. From this time and henceforth, let them not be permitted to be recommended [as incorrupt officials]."
冬十二月甲戌，帝崩于未央宫。	冬季十二月甲戌日，皇帝在未央宫驾崩。	In the winter, the twelfth month, on [the day] chia-hsü, the Emperor died in Wei-yang Palace.
癸巳，尊皇太后曰太皇太后。	癸巳日，尊皇太后为太皇太后。	[In the twelfth month, on the day] kuei-ssu, the Empress Dowager was honored with the title Grand Empress Dowager.
赞曰：孝宣之治，信赏必罚，综核名实，政事、文学、法理之士咸精其能，至于技巧、工匠、器械，自元、成间鲜能及之，亦足以知吏称其职，民安其业也。	赞曰：孝宣皇帝的治理，有功必赏，有罪必罚，综合考核名实，政事、文学、法理方面的士人都精通各自的才能，至于技巧、工匠、器械，自元帝、成帝年间很少能比得上，也足以知道官吏称职，百姓安居乐业。	In eulogy we say: [The fundamental principle in] the government of [Emperor] Hsiao-hsüan was [to make] rewards dependable and punishments certain and to examine and confront names with realities. His gentlemen [who were concerned] with government business, who were Literary Scholars, or [were concerned with] law and principles were all excellent in their capacities. Even his artists, craftsmen, workmen, and artisans, his vessels and utensils could seldom be matched in the time of [Emperors] Yüan and Ch'eng, [which fact] is indeed sufficient to indicate that his officials were worthy of their positions and that the common people were satisfied in their occupations.
遭值匈奴乖乱，推亡固存，信威北夷，单于慕义，稽首称籓。	遇到匈奴叛乱，推翻行将灭亡的，巩固应当存在的，在北夷树立威信，单于仰慕仁义，叩首称藩。	He happened [to live at a time when] the Huns were acting contrary to reason and were in disturbance, [hence he was able] to "overthrow those who should perish, to strengthen those who should be preserved," and to display his majesty to the northern barbarians. The Shan-yü longed [to perform his duties of] fealty, bowed his head to the ground, and called himself a feudatory.
功光祖宗，业垂后嗣，可谓中兴，侔德殷宗、周宣矣！	功绩光耀祖宗，事业流传后代，可以称为中兴，德行比得上殷高宗、周宣王了！	[Emperor Hsüan's] achievements glorified his ancestors and his signal services are transmitted to his descendants. [His reign] may be called the renaissance [of the dynasty] and he may indeed [be said to have been] equal in virtue with the [Eminent] Exemplar of the Yin [dynasty], [Wu-ting], and with [King] Hsüan of the Chou [dynasty].