文言文	现代汉语	English
孝平皇帝，元帝庶孙，中山孝王子也。	汉平帝，是汉元帝的孙子，中山孝王的儿子。	Emperor Hsiao-p'ing was the grandson, by a concubine, of Emperor Yüan and the son of King Hsiao of Chung-shan, [Liu Hsing].
母曰卫姬。	母亲是卫姬。	His mother was called the Concubine [nee] Wei.
年三岁嗣立为王。	三岁的时候继位为王。	When [Emperor P'ing] was in his third year, he succeeded [his father] and was established as King [of Chung-shan].
元寿二年六月，哀帝崩，	元寿二年（公元前1年）六月，哀帝驾崩，	In [the period] Yüan-shou, the second year, the sixth month, Emperor Ai died.
太皇太后诏曰：“大司马贤年少，不合众心。其上印、绶，罢。”	太皇太后下诏说：“大司马董贤年少，不受大家欢迎，应交还印绶，撤销其官职。”	The Grand Empress Dowager [nee Wang issued] an imperial edict saying, "Since the Commander-in-chief, [Tung] Hsien is young and it does not accord with popular opinion [to have him control the government], let him deliver up his seal and cord and be dismissed [from his office]."
贤即日自杀。	董贤当日自杀。	The same day [Tung] Hsien committed suicide.
新都侯王莽为大司马，领尚书事。	新都侯王莽为大司马，掌丞相事。	The Marquis of Hsin-tuc, Wang Mang, was made Commander-in-chief and Intendant of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing.
秋七月，遣车骑将军王舜、大鸿胪左咸使持节迎中山王。	秋七月，派车骑将军王舜、大鸿胪左贤咸持太皇太后诏迎中山王。	In the autumn, the seventh month, [the Grand Empress Dowager nee Wang] sent the General of Chariots and Cavalry, Wang Shun, and the Grand Herald, Tso Hsien, as messengers bearing credentials, to go and invite the King of Chung-shan, [Liu Chi-tzu], to come [to the capital and take the throne].
辛卯，贬皇太后赵氏为孝成皇后，退居北宫，	七月三十日，贬皇太后赵飞燕为孝成皇后，退居于北宫，	On [the day] hsin-mao, the Empress Dowager nee Chao was degraded and made the Empress of [Emperor] Hsiao-ch'eng. She was made to retire and live in the Northern Palace.
哀帝皇后傅氏退居桂宫。	哀帝皇后傅氏退居桂宫。	The Empress nee Fu of Emperor Ai was [also] made to retire and live in Kuei Palace.
孔乡侯傅晏、少府董恭等皆免官爵，徙合浦。	孔乡侯傅晏、少府董恭等都予免职，迁徙到合浦。	The Marquis of K'ung-hsiang, Fu Yen, the [former] Privy Treasurer, Tung Kung, and others were all dismissed from their offices and noble titles and exiled to the Ho-p'u [Commandery].
九月辛卯，中山王即皇帝位，谒高庙，大赦天下。	九月初一日，中山王登皇帝位，晋谒高祖庙，大赦天下。	In the ninth month, on [the day] hsin-yu, the King of Chung-shan, [Liu Chi-tzu], ascended the imperial throne and was presented [to the imperial ancestors] in the Temple of [Emperor] Kao. A general amnesty [was granted] to the empire.
帝年九岁，太皇太后临朝，大司马莽秉政，百官总己以听于莽。	平帝时年九岁，太皇太后垂帘听政，大司马王莽操持国政，百官聚于朝廷东厅以听取王莽的指示。	The Emperor was in his ninth year, so the Grand Empress Dowager [nee Wang] attended court. The Commander-in-chief, [Wang] Mang, controlled the government and "the officials attended to their several duties in obedience to" [Wang] Mang.
诏曰：“夫赦令者，将与天下更始，诚欲令百姓改行洁己，全其性命也。	下诏说：“朝廷每发布赦免令，是打算与天下重新开始，真心地希望百姓能洗心革面，以保全其品格与性命的。	An imperial edict said, "Verily an ordinance of amnesty is [an instrument] for the purpose of giving the empire [an opportunity of making] a new beginning. It is sincerely hoped that it may cause the people to correct their conduct, purify themselves, and preserve their lives.
往者有司多举奏赦前事，累增罪过，诛陷亡辜，殆非重信慎刑，洒心自新之意也。	以往有关官员在量刑时多把赦令前所犯的过失重提，累增犯法者的罪过，甚至株陷无辜之人。违背了朝廷发布赦令是为了重信慎刑与希望有罪过的人涤心自新的原意。	In the past, the high officials have frequently brought up in their memorials matters previous to an amnesty, including them [with their present charges, in order to] increase [the severity of peoples'] greater or lesser crimes, [with the result that] they have executed or ruined guiltless [people, which practise] is almost opposite to the intention of emphasizing fidelity and being careful about punishments [and to induce criminals] to purify their hearts and renew themselves.
及选举者，其历职更事有名之士，则以为难保，废而弗举，甚谬于赦小过举贤材之义。	对于举荐的人才，也因为他在历史上曾犯过某种过错，以为不可信任，就废置而不举荐。这就完全背离了孔子说的‘赦小过，举贤才’的原则。	Moreover, in their selections and recommendations [for appointment], if a gentleman has [already] held various offices, has been experienced in [government] affairs, and has acquired a reputation, then [the high officials] consider that [such a person] would be difficult to guarantee, hence, when [such a person has been] dismissed, he is not recommended [again, which practise] is quite contrary to the principle of `pardoning small transgressions and recommending those who are capable and able.'
诸有臧及内恶未发而荐举者，勿案验。	对于虽有经济及品行方面的错误但无人告发而被举荐的人，一律不必查究。	[In the case of] whoever has taken bribes or [has committed] hidden evils which have not yet become known, if he is recommended for a position, let all [such matters] not be investigated judicially,
令士厉精乡进，不以小疵妨大材。	以便鼓励人才集中精力去追求进步，不因小的疵点而妨碍一个难得的人才。	in order that [such] gentlemen may whet their innermost beings and endeavor to improve themselves, and that small flaws may not hamper great talents.
自今以来，有司无得陈赦前事置奏上。	从现在起，有关机构的官员不必陈奏赦前所犯的过失。	From this time and henceforth, high officials shall not be permitted to present matters previous to an amnesty and put them in a memorial to the Emperor.
有不如诏书为亏恩，以不道论。	有不遵此诏书的为有亏皇恩，以违背帝诏论处。	If anyone acts contrary to this written edict, he is acting against the [imperial] favor, [hence] it shall be judged as an inhuman [deed.
定著令，布告天下，使明知之。”	特明著此令，布告天下，使明知其事。”	Let this order] be established and published as a [permanent] ordinance and be published and made known to the empire to cause it to be clearly known."
元始元年春正月，越裳氏重译献白雉一，黑雉二，诏使三公以荐宗庙。	元始元年春正月，南方远国越裳氏献白雉一只，黑雉二只，诏令三公以此物献于宗庙。	In [the period] Yüan-shih, the first year, in the spring, the first month, the head of the Yüeh-shang tribe, [whose speech had to be] repeatedly interpreted, presented tribute of one white pheasant and two black pheasants. An imperial edict had the three highest ministers use them for sacrifice in the [imperial] ancestral temples.
群臣奏言大司马莽功德比周公，赐号安汉公，及太师孔光等皆益封。	群臣奏言大司马王莽功德像周公辅成王一样崇高，特赐号为安汉公，对太师孔光等都加封。	Various courtiers [thereupon] memorialized, saying, "The merits and virtuous deeds of the Commander-in-chief, [Wang] Mang, are equal to those of the Duke of Chou. He should be granted the title, the Duke Giving Tranquillity to the Han [Dynasty]." His enfeoffment and those of the Grand Master K'ung Kuang and others were all increased.
语在《莽传》。	其事记在《王莽传》。	A discussion is in the "Memoir of [Wang] Mang."
赐天下民爵一级，吏在位二百石以上，一切满秩如真。	赏赐天下臣民爵一级。官吏在位二百石以上，试用期未满的都按已满看待，发全俸。	There was granted, on this special occasion, to the common people of the empire one step in noble rank and to the officials who [then] held positions [ranking at] two hundred piculs and over, the full salary of their rank, like the regular [occupant of that position].
立故东平王云太子开明为王，	立已故东平王刘云的太子开明为王，	[Liu] K'ai-ming, the Heir-apparent of the former King of Tung-p'ing, [Liu] Yün, was established as King [of Tung-p'ing.
故桃乡顷侯子成都为中山王。	立已故桃乡顷侯之子刘成都为中山王。	Liu] Ch'eng-tu, the son of the former Marquis Ch'ing of T'ao-hsiang, [Liu Hsüan], was made King of Chung-shan [to succeed Emperor P'ing's father].
封宣帝耳孙信等三十六人皆为列侯。	封宣帝耳孙刘信等三十六人都为列侯。	Thirty-six great-grandsons of Emperor Hsüan, [including Liu] Hsin and others, were all made full marquises.
太仆王恽等二十五人前议定陶傅太后尊号，守经法，不阿指从邪；	太仆王恽等二十五人以前在议定陶傅太后尊号时，严守经法，不阿附从邪，	The Grand Coachman, Wang Yün, and others, twenty-five persons [in all], when previously there had been a discussion about honoring the Queen Dowager [nee] Fu of Ting-t'ao with a [higher] imperial title, had held to classical principles, had not flattered her desires or followed erroneous [principles];
右将军孙建爪牙大臣，	右将军孙健辅弼大臣，	the General of the Right, Sun Chien, was the great official who was [Wang Mang's] military assistant;
大鸿胪咸前正议不阿，后奉节使迎中山王；	大鸿胪左贤正义不阿，后来奉太皇太后诏迎中山王，	the Grand Herald, [Tso] Hsien, had previously discussed [that matter] correctly, had not flattered [the Queen Dowager], later he had been sent, bearing credentials, to go and invite the King of Chung-shan, [Liu Chi-tzu], to come [to take the throne];
及宗正刘不恶、执金吾任岑、中郎将孔永、尚书令姚恂、沛郡太守石诩，皆以前与建策，东迎即位，奉事周密勤劳，赐爵关内侯，食邑各有差。	还有宗正刘不恶、执金吾任岑、中郎将孔永、尚书令姚恂、沛郡太守石诩都曾参与继承人大事的讨论，东迎中山王继承帝位，办事周密勤劳，都赐爵为关内侯，封邑有所差别。	also the Superintendant of the Imperial House, Liu Pu-o, the Bearer of the Gilded Mace, Jen Ts'en, the General of the Gentlemen-of-the-Palace, K'ung Yung, the Prefect of the Masters of Writing, Yao Hsün, and the Grand Administrator of the P'ei Commandery, Shih Hsü—because all these [persons] had previously shared in initiating the plan [whereby Emperor P'ing came to the throne], had gone to the east to invite him to ascend the throne, had been perfectly adept, or had worked diligently and laboriously in performing their duties, they were granted the noble rank of Marquis of the Imperial Domain with the income of estates, to each proportionately.
赐帝征即位所过县邑吏二千石以下至佐史爵，各有差。	赏赐平帝在继位前来京师时所经过的县邑的官员从二千石以下到佐史的爵级，各有差等。	Noble ranks were granted to the officials in the prefectures and towns thru which the Emperor passed on his way to assume the throne, [ranking at] two thousand piculs and less, down to the Accessory Officials, to each proportionately.
又令诸侯王、公、列侯、关内侯亡子而有孙若子同产子者，皆得以为嗣。	又诏令各侯王、公、列侯、关内侯等无子而有孙或养兄弟之子为嗣的，都可以为爵位继承人。	It was also ordered that vassal kings, dukes, full marquises, and marquises of the imperial domain who had no sons but had grandsons, if [any of these nobles] had raised as sons the sons of their full or half-brothers, they should all be permitted to make [these nephews] their heirs;
公、列侯嗣子有罪，耐以上先请。	公、列侯嗣子有罪，犯剃光头以上罪的先要请示朝廷。	and that for heirs of dukes and full marquises who had committed crimes [requiring the punishment] of shaving the whiskers or above, [the officials] should beg [the Emperor's permission] before [such persons were punished].
宗室属未尽而以罪绝者，复其属。	名列刘氏皇谱而因犯罪被开除族籍的，恢复其族籍，	There were restored to registration those [members of] the imperial house whose registration had not yet lapsed [because they had become too distantly related to the Emperor], but whose [registration] had been cut off because of crimes.
其为吏举廉佐史，补四百石。	宗室中为吏的因依廉史升为佐史的，补禄为四百石。	Those [members of the imperial house] who were officials were to be recommended [for promotion] as incorrupt persons; [those members of the imperial house] who were Accessory Officials were to be given vacancies [ranking at] four hundred piculs.
天下吏比二千石以上年老致仕者，参分故禄，以一与之，终其身。	天下官吏俸同二千石以上年老退休的，三分其原禄，用三分之一与其本人，以养天年。	For officials of the empire who [had the rank of] equivalent to 2000 piculs or above and were aged and retired, their former salary was to be divided in three and one [third] was to be given to them to the end of their life.
遣谏大夫行三辅，举籍吏民，以元寿二年仓卒时横赋敛者，偿其直。	派谏大夫循行三辅，考查吏民交纳赋敛的册籍，凡因在元寿二年仓促时(哀帝去世时)加收的赋敛，偿还其增加部分。	A Grandee-remonstrant was sent to inspect the three capital commanderies and report the [names and] registrations of the officials and common people who in the time of haste and confusion during the second year of [the period] Yüan-shou [had paid] the extraordinary taxes and collections. They were to be repaid the value [of what they had paid].
义陵民冢不妨殿中者勿发。	义陵民冢不妨碍皇陵塘中正殿的不必迁走。	The tombs of the common people at the Yi Tomb which did not interfere with the interior of the Hall [at the Yi Tomb] were not to be opened.
天下吏民亡得置什器储偫。	天下吏民不得拥有军队的器物及行军厨灶等。	The officials and common people of the empire were not to be permitted to lay up productive implements or articles.
二月，置羲和官，秩二千石；外史、闾师，秩六百石。	二月，设置主管阴阳时序的羲和官，禄为二千石；设外史、闾师，禄为六百石。	In the second month, there were established the Office of the Hsi-and-Ho, ranking at two thousand piculs, and the Clerk for the Provinces and the Master of the Houses, [both] ranking at six hundred piculs,
班教化，禁淫祀，放郑声。	以颁布朝廷教化之令，禁止不合礼制规定的祭祀，摒除靡靡之声。	to spread the [orthodox] teaching and culture, to prohibit irregular sacrifices, and to banish the songs of Cheng.
乙未，义陵寝神衣在柙中，	二月七日，哀帝陵神衣在柜中，	On [the day] yi-wei, in the funerary chamber at the Yi Tomb [of Emperor Hsiao-ai], the ghost's garments were in their casket,
丙申旦，衣在外床上，	八日的早晨，却出现在外床上，	and on the [day] ping-shen at dawn the garments were outside of it on the bed.
寝令以急变闻。用太牢祠。	墓令以非常之变奏明朝廷。平帝用大牢进行祭祷。	The Prefect of the Funerary Chamber reported it as an urgent grievous vicissitude, and a suovetaurilia was sacrificed.
夏五月丁巳朔，日有蚀之。	夏季五月初一，出现日偏食。	In the summer, the fifth month, on [the day] ting-szu, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
大赦天下。	大赦天下。	A general amnesty [was granted] to the empire;
公卿、将军、中二千石举敦厚能直言者各一人。	公卿、将军、中二千石举荐敦厚能直言的各一人。	the ministers, generals, and [officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs were each to recommend one person who was honest and sincere and able to speak frankly.
六月，使少府左将军丰赐帝母中山孝王姬玺书，拜为中山孝王后。	六月，派少傅左将军甄丰赐平帝母中山孝王姬以玺书，晋封为中山孝王后。	In the sixth month, the Junior Tutor and General of the Left, [Chen] Feng, was sent to grant to the Emperor's mother, the Concubine [nee Wei] of King Hsiao of Chung-shan, [Liu Hsing], a document sealed with the imperial seal, and to install her as the Queen of King Hsiao of Chung-shan.
赐帝舅卫宝、宝弟玄爵关内侯。	赐帝舅卫宝及宝弟卫玄爵关内侯。	There were granted to the Emperor's maternal uncle, Wei Pao and to [Wei] Pao's younger brother, [Wei] Hsüan, the noble rank of Marquis of the Imperial Domain.
赐帝女弟四人号皆曰君，食邑各二千户。	赐平帝妹妹四人都称为君，食汤沐邑二千户。	There was granted, to all of the Emperor's three sisters, the title of Baronetess, with the income of an estate of two thousand households for each.
封周公后公孙相如为褒鲁侯，孔子后孔均为褒成侯，奉其祀。	封周公后公孙相如为褒鲁侯，孔子后孔均为褒成侯，奉周公与孔子的祭祀。	Kung-sun Hsiang-ju, a descendant of the Duke of Chou, was made the Marquis in Recompense to [the Duke of] Lu. A descendant of Confucius, K'ung Chün, was made Marquis in Recompense for Perfection, to uphold the sacrifices [to Confucius].
追谥孔子曰褒成宣尼公。	追谥孔子为褒成宣尼公。	Confucius was posthumously given the posthumous name and title, Duke Hsüan-ni in Recompense for Perfection.
罢明光宫及三辅驰道。	罢去明光宫及三辅驰道。	Ming-kuang Palace together with the imperial pathways in the three capital [commanderies] were abolished.
天下女徒已论，归家，顾山钱月三百。	天下女犯已定罪的，令其归家，每月出钱三百以雇人取薪。	The female convicts of the empire who had already been sentenced [were ordered] to return home [and pay] three hundred cash per month for `mountain hire.'
复贞妇，乡一人。	免除贞妇赋役，每乡一人。	One chaste wife in a district was exempted [from taxes].
置少府海丞、果丞各一人；	设置少府海丞、果丞各一人；	There were established one Assistant to the Privy Treasurer [in Charge of] the Seas and one Assistant [in charge of] Fruits, and [also]
大司农部丞十三人，人部一州，劝农桑。	大司农郡丞十三人，每人负责一个州，劝勉发展农桑。	thirteen Divisional Assistants to the Grand Minister of Agriculture, [each] one having for his district one province, [with the duty of] encouraging agriculture and sericulture.
太皇太后省所食汤沐邑十县，属大司农，常别计其租入，以赡贫民。	太皇太后减去所食汤沐邑十县，归属于大司农，经常另外计算其税收所得，用以救济平民。	The Grand Empress Dowager [nee Wang] dispensed with ten prefectures of her private estate from which she received income and confided them to the Grand Minister of Agriculture, who was regularily to keep separate accounts of their land-tax and pay [this sum] out, using it to assist poor people.
秋九月，赦天下徒。	秋季九月，赦天下囚徒。	In the autumn, the ninth month, an amnesty [was granted] to the convicts of the empire.
以中山苦陉县为中山孝王后汤沐邑。	以中山苦陉县为中山孝王后汤沐邑。	The K'u-hsing prefecture in [the kingdom of] Chung-shan was made the private estate of the Queen [nee Wei] of King Hsiao of Chung-shan, [Liu Hsing].
二年春，黄支国献犀牛。	二年春季，黄支国贡献犀牛。	In the second year, in the spring, the state of Huang-chih offered a rhinoceros [in tribute].
诏曰：“皇帝二名，通于器物，今更名，合于古制。	下诏书说：皇帝原名箕子，与用器名相同，今改名为絗，以合于古制。	An imperial edict said, "The two [words in] the personal name of the Emperor are connected with a utensil. Now [We] change [Our] personal name in conformity with the ancient regulations."
使太师光奉太牢告祠高庙。”	派太师光奉太牢告事于高祖祠庙。	He sent the Grand Master, [K'ung] Kuang, to present a suovetaurilia and give information [of the change] in a sacrifice at the Temple of [Emperor] Kao.
夏四月，立代孝王玄孙之子如意为广宗王，	夏季四月，立代孝王玄孙之子刘如意为广宗王，	In the summer, the fourth month, [Liu] Ju-yi, a son of a great-great-grandson of King Hsiao of Tai, [Liu Ts'an], was made King of Kuang-tsung;
江都易王孙盱台侯宫为广川王，	江都易王孙盱台侯刘宫为广川王，	[Liu] Kung, a grandson of King Yi of Chiang-tu, [Liu Fei], and [the son of] the Marquis of Hsü-yi, [Liu Meng-chih], was made King of Kuang-shih;
广川惠王曾孙伦为广德王。	广川德王曾孙刘伦为广德王。	and [Liu] Lun, a great-grandson of King Hui of Kuang-ch'uan, [Liu Yüeh], was made King of Kuang-tê.
封故大司马博陆侯霍光从父昆弟曾孙阳、宣平侯张敖玄孙庆忌、绛侯周勃玄孙共、舞阳侯樊哙玄孙之子章皆为列侯，复爵。	封已故大司马博陆侯霍光从昆弟曾孙霍阳，宣平侯张敖玄孙张庆忌、绛侯周勃玄孙周共、舞阳侯樊哙玄孙之子樊章都为列侯，恢复其官爵。	[Ho] Yang, a great-grandson of a paternal cousin of the former Commander-in-chief and Marquis of Po-lu, Ho Kuang; [Chang] Ch'ing-chi, a great-great-grandson of the Marquis of Hsüan-p'ing, Chang Ao; [Chou] Kung, a great-great-grandson of the Marquis of Chiang, Chou P'o; and [Fan] Chang, the son of a great-great-grandson of the Marquis of Wu-yang, Fan K'uai, were all enfeoffed as full marquises, so that [these] noble titles were revived.
赐故曲周侯郦商等后玄孙郦明友等百一十三人爵关内侯，食邑各有差。	赐已故曲周侯郦商等后代玄孙郦明友等一百一十三人爵为关内侯，食邑各有差等。	There were granted to Li Ming-yu, the great-great-grandson of the former Marquis of Ch'ü-chou, Li Shang, and to [descendants of] other [former marquises], 113 persons [in all], the noble rank of Marquis of the Imperial Domain, with the income of estates, to each proportionately.
郡国大旱，蝗，青州尤甚，民流亡。	郡国发生大的旱灾、蝗灾，青州最严重，百姓到处逃荒。	In the commanderies and kingdoms there was a great drought and [plague of] locusts; in Ch'ing Province it was especially severe, so that its common people became vagrants.
安汉公、四辅、三公、卿大夫、吏民为百姓困乏献其田宅者二百三十人，以口赋贫民。	安汉公、四辅、三公、卿大夫、吏民为帮助百姓解决困难而捐献房屋与土地的有二百三十人，按照人口分配给贫民。	The Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han [Dynasty, Wang Mang], the four Coadjutors [K'ung Kuang, Wang Mang, Wang Shun, and Chen Feng], the three highest ministers [Ma Kung, Wang Mang, and Chen Feng], the high ministers, grandees, officials, and common people, 230 persons [in all], presented their fields and residences in behalf of suffering and indigent people, to be distributed among the poor people in accordance with their number.
遣使者捕蝗，民捕蝗诣吏，以石、斗受钱。	派遣使者负责灭蝗，百姓将捕杀的蝗虫送交官府，用石斗量蝗后按数付钱。	Messengers were sent to catch the locusts; the common people who caught locusts and brought them to the officials received cash in accordance with the [number of] piculs [of weight] or tou [of measure of the locusts].
天下民赀不满二万及被灾之郡不满十万，勿租税。	天下的百姓的家资不满二万，以及受灾的郡县家资不满十万的，都免交租税。	The common people of the empire whose property was not as much as 20,000 [cash], together with those in the commanderies which suffered from the visitation, [whose property] was not as much as 100,000 [cash], were not to pay the land-tax or poll-taxes.
民疾疫者，舍空邸第，为置医药。	灾民中的病人，安置在捐献的邸舍房屋中，进行医治。	The common people who [suffered from] the epidemic were lodged in the empty [commandery or princes'] lodges and residences, and physicians and medicines were provided for them.
赐死者一家六尸以上葬钱五千，四尸以上三千，二尸以上二千。	给死者一家死六人以上的葬钱五千，死四人以上的三千，死二人以上的二千。	Grants were made for the dead: for six corpses or over in one family, five thousand cash for burial; for four corpses or over, three thousand [cash]; and for two corpses or over, two thousand [cash].
罢安定呼池苑，以为安民县，起官寺市里，募徙贫民，县次给食。	撤销安定的呼池苑，改为安民县，起官署与住房，招募贫民迁居于此，由县官发给口粮。	Hu-t'o Park in Anting [Commandery] was abolished and made An-ming prefecture. Government offices and buildings, market-places and hamlets were built [there], and poor people were solicited to remove [there]. In the counties where they lodged [as they were moving], they were given food,
至徙所，赐田宅什器，假与犁、牛、种、食。	到迁移处以后，由公家分配给房屋土地与用具，并借给犁、牛、种、口粮。	and when they reached the places to which they were removed, they were granted fields, residences, productive instruments, and were made loans of oxen for plowing, and of seed and food.
又起五里于长安城中，宅二百区，以居贫民。	又起五个居民里于长安城中，修住宅二百区，以供贫民居住。	Five hamlets were also built within the city of Ch'ang-an with two hundred residences, for the poor people to dwell in.
秋，举勇武有节明兵法，郡一人，诣公车。	秋，下诏各郡举荐勇武而又懂兵法的，每郡一人，到公车署报到。	In the autumn, [each] commandery recommanded one brave and warlike person possessing self-control, who was intelligent in military methods. [They were ordered] to go to [the office of the Major in Charge of] Official Carriages [to await official appointment].
九月戊申晦，日有蚀之。	九月三十日，出现日偏食。	In the ninth month, on [the day] mou-shen, the last day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
大赦天下徒。	赦免天下囚徒。	An amnesty [was granted] to the criminals of the empire.
使谒者大司马掾四十四人持节行边兵。	派谒者大司马掾四十四人持朝廷符节巡视边防部队。	Internuncios and Division Heads of the Commander-in-chief, forty-four persons [in all], bearing credentials, were sent to inspect the border troops.
遣执金吾侯陈茂假以钲鼓，募汝南、南阳勇敢吏士三百人，谕说江湖贼成重等二百余人皆自出，送家在所收事。	派执金吾侯陈茂并临时使用铙鼓以重其威仪，募集汝南、南阳勇敢吏士三百人，晓谕并劝说江湖盗首成重等二百余人自首投诚，送回原籍为民并按章从事赋役。	A Captain under the Bearer of the Gilded Mace, Ch'en Mou, was sent, [with the right] to use a bell and drum, who solicited three hundred brave and daring officials and gentlemen from Ju-nan and Nan-yang [Commanderies], who [in turn] remonstrated with and persuaded the robbers on the [Yangtze] River and lakes, Ch'eng Chung, and others, more than two hundred persons, all to come out voluntarily [and present themselves to the officials]. They were sent to the places where their homes were, and were held to do service.
重徙云阳，赐公田宅。	将贼首成重迁于云阳，并赏赐公田公宅。	[Ch'eng] Chung was removed to Yün-yang and was granted public fields and a residence.
冬，中二千石举治狱平，岁一人。	冬季，中二千石举荐治狱公平的吏员，每年一人。	In the winter, [the officials ranking at] fully two thousand piculs were [ordered] yearly to recommend one person who had equitably judged law-cases.
三年春，诏有司为皇帝纳采安汉公莽女。	三年春季，诏有关机构为平帝与安汉公王莽之女行订婚礼。	In the third year, in the spring, there was an imperial edict [from the Grand Empress Dowager nee Wang] that the high officials should present the proposal [of marriage] on behalf of the Emperor to the daughter of the Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han Dynasty, [Wang] Mang.
语在《莽传》。	记在《王莽传》中。	A discussion is in the "Memoir of [Wang] Mang."
又诏光禄大夫刘歆等杂定婚礼。	又诏光禄大夫刘歆等制定婚礼仪节。	There was also an imperial edict to the Imperial Household Grandee Liu Hsin and others that they should fix marriage rites for various [ranks],
四辅、公卿、大夫、博士、郎、吏家属皆以礼娶，亲迎立轺并马。	四辅、公卿、大夫、博士、郎、吏家属都要按婚礼举行结婚仪式。迎娶时用立车双马。	and that the four Coadjutors, the ministers, grandees, Erudits, Gentlemen, and officials, and [the members of] their households must all be married according to the rites: they must themselves go to fetch [their wives] standing in an small chariot with [a pair of] horses yoked abreast.
夏，安汉公奏车服制度，吏民养生、送终、嫁娶、奴婢、田宅、器械之品。	夏季，安汉公上奏请建立有关车马与衣服等制度，对于吏民的养生、送终、嫁娶、奴婢、田宅、用品等都有明确的等级规定。	In the summer, the Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han Dynasty, [Wang] Mang, memorialized the regulations for chariots and garments and the [various] classes [into which] officials and people [are divided with respect to] caring for their living [parents], accompanying [their dead] to the last [resting-place, conducting] betrothals and marriages, and [possessing] male and female slaves, cultivated fields and residences, vessels and utensils.
立官稷及学官：	建立官稷及学宫。	Official altars to the gods of the grains were established, together with offices for schools:
郡国曰学，县、道、邑、侯国曰校，校、学置经师一人；	郡国的称为学，县、道、邑、侯国称为校。校与学都设专职经师一人。	in the commanderies and kingdoms they were called seminaries, and in the counties, marches, [princesses'] estates, and marquises' states they were called academies. In academies and seminaries there was established one Master of the Classics.
乡曰庠，聚曰序，序、痒置《孝经》师一人。	乡称为庠，村落称为序，序、庠设专职《孝经》师一人。	In districts they were called lycea, and in the villages they were called palestrae. In lycea and palestrae there was established one Master of the Classic of Filial Piety.
阳陵任横等自称将军，盗库兵，攻官寺，出囚徒。	阳陵任横等自称为将军，盗出武库兵器，攻打官署，释放囚徒。	At Yang-ling, Jen Heng with others styled himself a general, robbed arms from the arsenal, attacked the offices and buildings, and set free the imprisoned convicts.
大司徒掾督逐，皆伏辜。	大司掾奉命督捕，全都伏罪。	A Division Head of the Grand Minister over the Masses supervised the pursuit [of these rebels]. They all suffered for their crimes.
安汉公世子宇与帝外家卫氏有谋。	安汉公王莽之子王宇与平帝外戚家卫氏有谋反之罪。	[Wang] Yü, the heir of the Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han Dynasty, [Wang Mang], had plotted with the maternal relatives of the Emperor, the Wei clan.
宇下狱死，诛卫氏。	王宇下狱处死，卫氏被诛。	[Wang] Yü was sent to prison and died; the Wei clan were executed.
四年春正月，郊祀高祖以配天，宗祀孝文以配上帝。	四年春季正月，郊祭高祖以配享于天，宗祀文帝以配享于上天。	In the fourth year, in the spring, the first month, the suburban sacrifice was performed to the Eminent Founder, [Emperor Kao], making him the coadjutor of Heaven, and the sacrifice to the greatest exemplar was performed to [Emperor] Hsiao-wen, making him the coadjutor of the Lords on High.
改殷绍嘉公曰宋公，周承休公曰郑公。	改殷绍嘉公名宋公，周承休侯名郑公。	[The title of] the Duke Honoring and Continuing [the Ancestral Sacrifices of] the Yin [dynasty, K'ung Ho-ch'i], was changed to be Duke of Sung and [the title of] the Duke Who Succeeds to the Greatness of the Chou [Dynasty, Chi Tang, was changed] to be Duke of Cheng.
诏曰：“盖夫妇正则父子亲，人伦定矣。	下诏说：“大凡夫妇正则父子亲，人伦定。	An imperial edict said, "Verily when [the relations between] husband and wife are correct, then father and son love [each other] and human relationships are stable.
前诏有司复贞妇，归女徒，诚欲以防邪辟，全贞信。	以前曾诏令有关机构免除贞节之妇的赋役，遣犯罪的女囚回家，本意是想防止邪僻，褒全贞信。	Previously an imperial edict ordered the high officials to exempt chaste wives and [permit] female convicts to return home, [by which the Emperor] in truth wished to avoid depravity and to protect chastity and faithfulness.
及眊掉之人刑罚所不加，圣王之所以制也。	对于年八十及七岁以下的人，不加以刑罚，这是古代圣王所规定的。	Moreover upon very aged and very young persons, punishments are not employed. [This is] what the sage-kings have instituted.
惟苛暴吏多拘系犯法者亲属，妇女老弱，构怨伤化，百姓苦之。	但现在有些苛暴吏员多拘系犯法者的亲属，妇女老弱不免，结仇怨而伤王化，百姓深为痛苦。	Harsh and oppressive officials however frequently arrest and imprison the family and relatives of those who violate the law, their wives and daughters, their aged and weak, causing them to be resentful and injuring [the imperial] cultural influence. The people [have suffered] bitterness on this account.
其明敕百僚，妇女非身犯法，及男子年八十以上七岁以下，家非坐不道，诏所名捕，它皆无得系。	现明谕百官，妇女不是本身犯法，男子在八十以上七岁以下家里不是犯了大逆不道，皇帝下诏按名逮捕的，都不得拘捕。	Let it be clearly ordered to all the officials that women, unless they have themselves violated the law, and males in their eightieth year or above or in their seventh year or under, unless someone in their household has been sentenced for inhumanity or [unless] they have been ordered in an imperial edict by name to be arrested, in all other cases all [such persons] shall not be permitted to be imprisoned,
其当验者，即验问。	应当验问的，就地验问。	and let those who must be examined be immediately examined and questioned.
定著令。”	特定此令。”	Let this be established and published as a [permanent] ordinance."
二月丁未，立皇后王氏，大赦天下。	二月初七日，立皇后王氏，大赦天下。	In the second month, on [the day] ting-wei, the Empress nee Wang was established [as Empress] and a general amnesty [was granted] to the empire.
遣太仆王恽等八人置副，假节，分行天下，览观风俗。	派太仆王恽等八人并置副使，持朝廷命令，分别循行天下，览观风俗。	The Grand Coachman, Wang Yün, and others, eight persons [in all], were sent out. [For them] were established Associates, to whom they lent their credentials, [which Associates were sent] to travel about the empire separately, to examine and observe [the people's] customs.
赐九卿已下至六百石、宗室有属籍者爵，自五大夫以上各有差。	赏赐九卿以下至六百石，刘氏宗谱上有名者以爵级，从五大夫以上各有差等。	There were granted to the nine high ministers and those [ranking] lower, [down] to [those ranking at] six hundred piculs, and to the [members of] the imperial house who were enregistered, noble ranks, from [the rank] of Fifth Rank Grandee and above, to each proportionately.
赐天下民爵一级，鳏、寡、孤、独、高年帛。	赏赐天下臣民爵一级，赏鳏寡孤独高年帛若干。	There were granted to the common people of the empire one step in noble rank, and to widowers, widows, orphans, childless, and aged, silk.
夏，皇后见于高庙。	夏季，皇后拜谒高祖庙。	In the summer, the Empress [nee Wang] was presented in the Temple of [Emperor] Kao.
加安汉公号曰“宰衡”。	加安汉公号为“宰衡”。	There was added to the Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han Dynasty, [Wang Mang], the title of Ruling Governor,
赐公太夫人号曰功显君。	赐安汉公太夫人名功显君。	and there was granted to the Lady Dowager of the Duke, [the mother of Wang Mang], the title, the Baronetess of Apparent Merits.
封公子安、临皆为列侯。	封其子王安、王临皆为列侯。	The Duke's sons, [Wang] An and [Wang] Lin were both enfeoffed as full marquises.
安汉公奏立明堂、辟雍。	安汉公王莽奏建立明堂、辟雍。	The Duke Who Gives Tranquillity to the Han Dynasty, [Wang] Mang, memorialized [the plans for] and set up the Ming-t'ang and the Pi-yung.
尊孝宣庙为中宗，孝元庙为高宗，天子世世献祭。	尊称宣帝庙为中宗，元帝庙为高宗，天子世世献祭。	The Temple of [Emperor] Hsiao-hsüan was honored and made that of the Central Exemplar; the Temple of [Emperor] Hsiao-yüan became that of the Eminent Exemplar; the Son of Heaven was to make offerings and sacrifices [at these temples] from generation to generation.
置西海郡，徙天下犯禁者处之。	设置西海郡，迁移天下犯禁的犯人到此居住。	Hsia-hai Commandery was established, and those in the empire who had violated the prohibitions were exiled to inhabit it.
梁王立有罪，自杀。	梁王立有罪，自杀了。	The King of Liang, [Liu] Li, who had committed crimes, killed himself.
分京师置前辉光、后丞烈二郡。	分出京师一部分建立前恽光、后丕烈二郡。	The imperial capital was divided and there were established the two commanderies of the Displayer of Splendor in the South and the Successor to the Magnificence in the North.
更公卿、大夫、八十一元士官名、位次及十二州名。	更改公卿、大夫、八十一元士官名与位次及十二州的名称。	The official titles and rankings of the ministers, grandees, and eighty-one First Officers were changed, together with the names, divisions, boundaries, and the commanderies and kingdoms which belonged [to each] of the twelve provinces.
分界郡国所属，罢、置、改易，天下多事，吏不能纪。	划分郡国所属的界限，撤销、设置、更改，天下多事，吏员无法纪录清楚。	The abolitions, establishings, changes, and alterations in the empire made so much work that the officials could not record them.
冬，大风吹长安城东门屋瓦且尽。	冬季，大风袭长安城，东门屋瓦被吹尽。	In the winter, a great gale blew off almost all of the tiles from the buildings at the eastern gates of the city-wall of Ch'ang-an.
五年春正月，祫祭明堂。	五年春正月，礻合祭明堂。	In the fifth year, in the spring, the first month, the hsia ancestral sacrifice to all the ancestors together was performed in the Ming-t'ang;
诸侯王二十八人、列侯百二十人、宗室子九百余人征助祭。	各侯王二十八人，列侯一百二十人，宗室子九百余人参加助祭。	twenty-eight vassal kings, one hundred twenty full marquises and more than nine hundred scions of the imperial house were summoned to assist in the sacrifices.
礼毕，皆益户，赐爵及金、帛，增秩、补吏，各有差。	礼毕，都增加封地户口，赏赐爵级及金帛，增加俸禄与升职，各有差等。	When the rites were ended, all [had a certain number of] households added [to their estates] or they were granted noble ranks, and [they were granted] money and silk or their official ranks were increased or they were given vacancies as officials, to each proportionately.
诏曰：“盖闻帝王以德抚民，其次亲亲以相及也。	太皇太后下诏说：“听说帝王首先以德抚民，其次是亲其所亲以互相帮助。	An imperial edict [from the Grand Empress Dowager] said, "Verily, [We] have heard that when the [ancient] lords and kings governed the common people by their virtue, their next [principle] was to favor their relatives, in order that [their influence might thereby] reach to others.
昔尧睦九族，舜惇叙之。	以往尧命名九族敦睦，舜又厚叙这亲亲之意。	Anciently Yao harmonized his nine [classes of] kindred and Shun generously promoted [his kindred].
朕以皇帝幼年，且统国政，惟宗室子皆太祖高皇帝子孙及兄弟吴顷、楚元之后，	朕因皇帝值于幼年，暂统国政，念及宗室子孙都是太祖高皇帝子孙及其兄弟吴顷王、楚元王的后代，	Because of the Emperor's youth, We have temporarily been directing the government of the state. [We] have reflected that the scions of the imperial house are all descendants of the Grand Founder, Emperor Kao, or of his brothers, [King] Ch'ing of Wu, [Liu Chung, and King] Yüan of Ch'u, [Liu Chiao];
汉元至今，十有余万人，虽有王侯这属，莫能相纠，或陷入刑罪，教训不至之咎也。	从汉朝初建时起刘氏子孙已发展到十余万人。虽有王侯的属籍，也不能互相保证不触犯刑律。有的陷入刑罪，这是教训不周的过失。	that, since the beginning of the Han [dynasty] to the present, [they have multiplied and have become] more than a hundred thousand persons; and that altho they are related to [such persons as] kings and marquises, they have been unable mutually to control each other, and so some have fallen into punishment for crime. The cause [for this situation is that the imperial] teaching and instruction has not reached them.
传不云乎？‘君子笃于亲，则民兴于仁。’	《论语》不是指出过吗？‘在上者关心其亲属，则百姓行仁成风。’	Does not the Memoir say, `When princes are generous to their relatives, then the common people are stirred to mutual kindnesses'?
其为宗室，自太上皇以来族亲，各以世氏，郡国置宗师以纠之，致教训焉。	现在作出规定：从太上皇以来的族亲，各以其世代为氏，郡国派专人进行管理，对其进行教育与约束。	"For the imperial house [which has descended] from the Grand Emperor, the clan, each [member of which] has inherited his surname [of Liu], let Masters to the Imperial Clan be established in the commanderies and kingdoms in order to control them and bring [the imperial] teaching and instruction to them.
二千石选有德义者以为宗师。	二千石选派有德义之士为其宗师。	Let [the officials who rank at] two thousand piculs select those who are virtuous and well-principled to be the Masters to the Imperial Clan.
考察不从教令有冤失职者，宗师得因邮亭书言宗信，请以闻。	考察其中有不从教令或者蒙冤失其常业的，宗师将情况报告宗伯，再报告朝廷。	They should examine and investigate those who do not follow [the imperial] teaching and ordinances and those who have suffered injustice and lost their positions. Masters of the Imperial Clan are permitted to take advantage of the postal stations in writing letters to ask the Elder of the Imperial House to make requests [of Us] in order that [We] may hear of it.
常以岁正月赐宗师帛各十匹。”	每年正月赏赐宗正帛各十匹。”	Regularily every year in the first month, the Masters of the Imperial Clan shall each be granted ten bolts of silk."
羲和刘歆等四人使治明堂、辟雍，令汉与文王灵台、周公作洛同符。	羲和官刘歆等四人负责主管明堂、辟雍，使汉与周文王作灵台、周公作洛邑相符合。	The Hsi-and-Ho, Liu Hsin, and others, four persons [in all], who had been sent to prepare the Ming-t'ang and Pi-yung, had brought it about that the Han [dynasty] had happy presages similar to those of King Wen [when he built] his Spiritual Tower and to those of the Duke of Chou [when he built the city of] Lo;
太仆王恽等八人使行风俗，宣明德化，万国齐同。	太仆王恽等八人到各地循行了解风俗，宣传朝廷德政，万国齐同。	the Grand Coachman, Wang Yün, and others, eight persons [in all], who had been sent to investigate [the people's] customs, had propagated [the imperial] virtue and culture, so that all the kingdoms had become harmonious;
皆封为列侯。	都封为列侯。	all [these twelve persons] were enfeoffed as full marquises.
征天下通知逸经、古记、天文、历算、钟律、小学、《史篇》、方术、《本草》及以《五经》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》教授者，在所为驾一封轺传，遣诣京师。	征天下能精通逸经、古纪、天文、历算、钟律、小学、史篇、方术、本草以及《五经》、《论语》、《孝经》、《尔雅》教授的，从所在地乘传车，派到京师。	The [following sorts of persons] were summoned to the place where [the Emperor] was: those in the empire who comprehended and understood the lost classics, the ancient records, astrological phenomena, astronomical calculations, the musical tubes, philology, Shih [Chou's] Fascicles, the magical and technical arts, materia medica, together with those who taught the Five Classics, the Analects, the Classic of Filial Piety, and the Erh-ya. For these there were yoked small chariots with singly sealed [passports] to send them to the capital.
至者数千人。	到京师数千人。	Those who arrived [numbered] several thousand persons.
闰月，立梁孝王玄孙之耳孙音为王。	闰五月，立梁孝王玄孙之耳孙音为王。	In the intercalary month, [Liu] Yin, a great-great-grandson of a great-grandson of King Hsiao of Liang, [Liu Wu], was made King [of Liang].
冬十二月丙午，帝崩于未央宫。	冬季十二月十六日，平帝驾崩于未央宫。	In the winter, the twelfth month, on [the day] ping-tzu, the Emperor died in the Wei-yang Palace.
大赦天下。	大赦天下。	A general amnesty was granted to the empire.
有司议曰：“礼，臣不殇君。皇帝年十有四岁，宜以礼敛，加元服。”	有司奏道：“按礼制臣无短寿之君。皇帝年十四岁，应按礼制入殓，戴王冠。”	The high officials discussed and said, "[According to] the rites, `Subjects do not treat their lord as if he had died before he reached maturity.' The Emperor was in his fourteenth year. It is proper that, according to the rites, when he is enshrouded, the bonnet of virility should be put upon him."
奏可。	太皇太后同意。	The memorial was approved.
葬康陵。	葬于康陵。	He was buried in the K'ang Tomb.
诏曰：“皇帝仁惠，无不顾哀，每疾一发，气辄上逆，害于言语，故不及有遗诏。	太皇太后下诏说：“皇帝仁惠，顾念哀怜。每次发病，气往上涌，不能言语，故来不及有遗诏。	An imperial edict [from the Grand Empress Dowager nee Wang] said, "The Emperor was benevolent and kindly, and there was nothing that he did not consider or feel distressed about. [But] whenever he became ill, his breath was blocked from coming out, which kept him from speaking. Hence he did not get to prepare a testamentory edict.
其出媵妾，皆归家得嫁，如孝文明故事。”	现遣返其陪嫁婢妾，回家可以另嫁，和文帝时一样。”	Let his concubines be sent away and all be returned to their homes and be permitted to be married, as in the former case in the time of [Emperor] Hsiao-wen."
赞曰：孝平之世，政自莽出，褒善显功，以自尊盛。	班固评论：平帝之世，政从王莽所出。褒善显功，以显示其尊盛。	In eulogy we say: In the reign of [Emperor] Hsiao-p'ing, the government proceeded from [Wang] Mang, who recompensed laudable [circumstances] and made meritorious deeds manifest, in order to make himself honorable and prominent.
观其文辞，方外百蛮，亡思不服；休征嘉应，颂声并作。	观其文辞，方外蛮夷，都思归服。美征嘉兆，颂声并作。	When we consider his literary compositions, [it seems that] of the many barbarians outside the [four] quarters [of the empire], "none failed to think of and submit to him," happy omens, auspicious responses, and eulogizing songs were simultaneously produced.
至乎变异见于上，民怨于下，莽亦不能文也。	至于变异见于上，民怨起于下，王莽也不能进行文饰了。	[But] as to the grievous vicissitudes and prodigies that appeared [in heaven] above and the hatreds of the common people [on the earth] below, [Wang] Mang was however unable to cover them up.