文言文	现代汉语	English
孝惠皇帝，高祖太子也，母曰吕皇后。	汉惠帝，是汉高祖的太子，母亲是吕后。	Emperor Hsiao-hui was the Heir-apparent of [Emperor] Kao-tsu. His mother was called the Empress [née] Lü.
帝年五岁，高祖初为汉王。	在他五岁时，汉高祖开始做汉王。	When Emperor [Hsiao-hui] was in his fifth year, Kao-tsu first became King of Hans.
二年，立为太子。	高祖二年（公元前205年），他被立为太子。	In [Kao-tsu's] second year [the future Emperor Hsiao-hui] was established as Heir-apparent.
十二年四月，高祖崩。	高祖十二年（公元前195年）四月，高祖驾崩。	In the twelfth year, the fourth month, Kao-tsu died.
五月丙寅，太子即皇帝位，尊皇后曰皇太后。	五月十七日，太子即皇帝位，尊母吕后为皇太后。	In the fifth month, on [the day] ping-yin, the Heir-apparent took the imperial throne. He honored the Empress, entitling her, the Empress Dowager.
赐民爵一级。	赏赐臣民爵位一级。	He granted to the common people one step in noble rank.
中郎、郎中满六岁爵三级，四岁二级。	中郎、郎中官任职满六年的提爵位三级，满四年的二级。	The Gentlemen-of-the-Household and the Gentlemen-of-the-Palace [who had served] six full years [were granted] three steps in noble rank; [those who had served] four years [were granted] two steps.
外郎满六岁二级。	外郎官任职满六年的二级。	The Gentlemen-outside-the-Household [who had served] six full years [were granted] two steps.
中郎不满一岁一级。	中郎任职不满一年的升一级。	Gentlemen-of-the-Household who had not [served] a full year [were granted] one step.
外郎不满二岁赐钱万。	外郎任职不满二年的赏钱一万。	Gentlemen-outside-the-Household who had not [served] two full years were granted ten thousand cash.
宦官尚食比郎中，谒者、执楯、执戟、武士、驺比外郎。	宦官的俸禄与郎中相同。谒者、执楯、执戟、武士、驺骑等皇帝侍从人员的俸禄与外郎相同。	Eunuchs and Masters of the Food [were treated] the same as Gentlemen-of-the-Palace. Palace Internuncios, Guards, Spear-bearers, Men of War, and Grooms [were treated] the same as Gentlemen-outside-the-Household.
太子御骖乘赐爵五大夫，舍人满五岁二级。	太子御骖乘赏赐爵位为五大夫，舍人任职满五年的加爵位二级。	The Heir-apparent's [Chariot-]driver and his Chariot-companion were granted the aristocratic rank of Fifth [Rank] Grandee; the members of his suite [who had served] five full years were given two steps.
赐给丧事者，二千石钱二万，六百石以上万，五百石、二百石以下至佐史五千。	赏赐给为高祖办丧事者，俸禄二千石的赏钱二万，六百石以上的赏钱一万，五百石以下至佐吏赏钱五千。	There were granted to those who had provided for the [imperial] burial ceremonies and [had positions ranking as] two thousand piculs, twenty thousand cash; [to those who had positions ranking as] six hundred piculs and over, ten thousand [cash]; to [those who had positions ranking as] five hundred piculs, two hundred piculs, and under, [down] to the Accessory Officials, five thousand [cash].
视作斥上者，将军四十金，二千石二十金，六百石以上六金，五百石以下至佐史二金。	为高祖建造陵墓的，将军赏钱四十金，二千石赏钱二十金，六百石以上的赏钱六金，五百石以下至佐吏赏钱二金。	Of those who had superintended digging [the late Emperor's] grave, the generals [were granted the equivalent of] forty [catties] of gold, [those who had the rank of] two thousand piculs [were granted the equivalent of] twenty [catties of] gold, [those who had the rank of] six hundred piculs and above [were granted the equivalent of] six [catties of] gold, those [who had the rank of] five hundred piculs and less, down to the Accessory Officials [were granted the equivalent of] two [catties of] gold.
减田租，复十五税一。	减少田租，恢复十五税一的制度。	[The Emperor] reduced the tax on arable ground and revived it [at the rate of] one part in fifteen.
爵五大夫、吏六百石以上及宦皇帝而知名者有罪当盗械者，皆颂系；	凡爵级在五大夫、六百石以上以及曾经侍奉过皇帝且皇帝知晓其名的人，犯了罪应当披枷戴锁的，可以放宽为软禁而不投入监狱；	Those who had the aristocratic rank of Fifth [Rank] Grandee, and officials [ranking as] six hundred piculs and above, together with those who had served the [young] emperor so that he knew their names, if they had committed crimes, and should justly be shackled like robbers, they were all to be put in honorable detention.
上造以上及内外公孙、耳孙有罪当刑及当为城旦舂者，皆耐为鬼薪、白粲；	对官职在上造以上及皇家内外公孙或血缘已疏的耳孙等，犯罪当刑的，或应判四年徒刑的，减至三年。	Those of [the aristocratic rank of] Superior Accomplished and above, together with the great-grandsons of marquises or kings belonging to the imperial house by male or female descent who had committed crimes and should justly [suffer] mutilating punishment, together with those who should justly be made to [build] the fortifications or [patrol from] the break of day or pound [rice], were all to have their whiskers shaved and be made to [cut] firewood for the spirits or [prepare] pure rice.
民年七十以上若不满十岁有罪当刑者，皆完之。	百姓年过七十与不满十岁的有罪当刑的，都免予肉刑。	Common people who are in their seventieth year or over or not fully ten years old, who had committed crimes and should justly [suffer] mutilating punishment, were not to be mutilated.
又曰：“吏所以治民也，能尽其治则民赖之，故重其禄，所以为民也。	皇帝还在令中指出：“官吏的职责就是为百姓办事，能努力把事办好就会得到百姓的信赖，之所以提高他们的爵禄，就是要求他们把百姓的事情办得更好。	[The edict] also said, "Officials [exist] for the sake of governing the people. If [the officials] are able to fulfil their [duties in] government, then the people [can] rely upon them. Hence [We] make their salaries large, the reason for doing which is [for the sake of] the people.
今吏六百石以上父母妻子与同居，及故吏尝佩将军、都尉印将兵，及佩二千石官印者，家唯给军赋，他无有所与。”	凡是官吏的俸禄在六百石以上，与其父母妻子在一起居住的，以及已不在职的曾佩将军印、都尉印领过兵的或曾佩二千石官印的，都只需缴纳军赋，其他徭役皆免除。”	Now the fathers and mothers, the wives and children, and the other members of the families of officials who have [the rank] of six hundred piculs or above, together with the former officials who have in the past worn the seal of a General or of a Chief Commandant and have led troops, or have worn the seal of an official [with the rank of] two thousand piculs—their families shall pay only the military tax and shall not be required to pay any other [taxes]."
令郡诸侯王立高庙。	下令各郡的侯王建立高祖宗庙。	[The Emperor] ordered the commanderies and the vassal kings to establish temples to Kao-tsu.
元年冬十二月，赵隐王如意薨。	惠帝元年(公元前194年)冬十二月，赵隐王刘如意去世。	In the first year, in the winter, the twelfth month, King Yin of Chao, [Liu] Ju-yi, died.
民有罪，得买爵三十级以免死罪。	规定臣民犯罪，可以出买爵三十级的钱以赎死罪。	[The Emperor ordered that] when the common people commit crime, they are to be allowed to purchase thirty steps in noble rank in order to avoid capital punishment.
赐民爵，户一级。	赏赐百姓爵，每户一级。	He granted to the common people noble ranks, in each household one step [in rank].
春正月，城长安。	春正月，下令修筑长安城。	In the spring, the first month, the city wall of Ch'ang-an was [partly] built.
二年冬十月，齐悼惠王来朝，献城阳郡以益鲁元公主邑，尊公主为太后。	惠帝二年（公元前193年）冬季十月，齐悼惠王前来朝见，献纳城阳郡以增加鲁元公主的汤沐邑，尊鲁元公主为太后。	In the second year, in the winter, the tenth month, King Tao-hui of Ch'i, [Liu Fei], came to court [to pay his respects]. He presented the Ch'eng-yang Commandery to be added to the estate of the Princess Yüan of Lu, and honored the Princess, appointing her as his Queen Dowager.
春正月癸酉，有两龙见兰陵家人井中，乙亥夕而不见。	春正月初四日，有两条龙出现在兰陵一百姓家的井中，至六日晚不知去向。	In the spring, the first month, on [the day] kuei-yu, there were two dragons seen at Lan-ling in the well of a common citizen. On the evening of [the day] yi-hai, they disappeared.
陇西地震。	陇西发生地震。	In the Lung-hsi [Commandery] there was an earthquake.
夏旱。	当年夏季，发生旱灾。	In the summer there was a drought.
郃阳侯仲薨。	阳侯刘仲去世。	The Marquis of Ho-yang, [Liu] Chung, died.
秋七月辛未，相国何薨。	秋，七月五日，丞相萧何去世。	In the autumn, the seventh month, on [the day] hsin-wei, the Chancellor of State, [Hsiao] Ho, died.
三年春，发长安六百里内男女十四万六千人城长安，三十日罢。	惠帝三年春季，征发长安六百里之内的男女民工十四万六千人修筑长安城，工期三十天。	In the third year, in the spring, there were sent from [the region] within six hundred li of Ch'ang-an, 146,000 [persons], male and female, to build the city wall of Ch'ang-an. In thirty days they were dismissed.
以宗室女为公主，嫁匈奴单于。	将刘氏宗室之女作为公主，嫁给匈奴单于王为夫人以结友好。	A girl of the imperial house was made a Princess and given in marriage to the Shan-yü of the Huns.
夏五月，立闽越君摇为东海王。	夏五月，封闽越君摇为东海王。	In the summer, the fifth month, [the Emperor] made the Baronet of Min-yüeh, [Tsou] Yao, the King of Tung-hai.
六月，发诸侯王、列侯徒隶二万人城长安。	六月，征发各侯王、列侯的家人、奴隶二万人到长安筑城。	In the sixth month, from the [states of] the vassal kings and marquises, 20,000 criminals and retainers were sent to build the city wall of Ch'ang-an.
秋七月，都厩灾。	秋七月，皇室的马厩发生火灾。	In the autumn, the seventh month, there was a visitation [of fire] in the [imperial] stables at the capital.
南越王赵佗称臣奉贡。	南越王赵佗称臣进贡。	The King of Nan-yüeh, Chao T'o, pronounced himself a subject [of the Emperor] and presented tribute.
四年冬十月壬寅，立皇后张氏。	惠帝四年（公元前191年）冬十月，立张敖之女为皇后。	In the fourth year, in the winter, the tenth month, on [the day] jen-yin, [the Emperor] established the Empress nee Chang [as Empress].
春正月，举民孝弟、力田者复其身。	春正月，在各地选拔孝悌力田的贤者，免除其徭役负担。	In the spring, the first month, common people who were filially pious, fraternally respectful and [diligent] cultivators of the fields were recommended and their persons exempted [from taxes and forced service].
三月甲子，皇帝冠，赦天下。	三月十七日，皇帝举行冠礼，大赦天下。	In the third month, on [the day] chia-tzu, the Emperor was capped and [an amnesty was granted] to the world.
省法令妨吏民者；除挟书律。	省去妨害吏民的法令，废除挟书有罪的秦律。	In reducing the laws and orders which annoyed the officials and people, there was abrogated the criminal law against possessing books.
长乐宫鸿台灾。	长乐宫鸿台发生火灾。	There was a visitation [of fire] in the Wild Goose Terrace in the Ch'ang-lo Palace.
宜阳雨血。	宜阳地区出现血雨。	In Yi-yang it rained blood.
秋七月乙亥，未央宫凌室灾；	秋七月二十日，未央宫凌室发生火灾；	In the autumn, the seventh month, on [the day] yi-hai, there was a visitation [of fire] in the Ice Chamber of the Wei-yang Palace.
丙子，织室灾。	二十一日，织室发生火灾。	On [the day] ping-tzu, there was a visitation [of fire] in the Weaving Chamber.
五年冬十月，雷；桃李华，枣实。	惠帝五年（公元前190年）冬十月，雷声隆隆，桃李开花，枣树结实。	In the fifth year, in the winter, the tenth month, it thundered. The peach and plum [trees] flowered and the jujubes [produced] fruit.
春正月，复发长安六百里内男女十四万五千人城长安，三十日罢。	春正月，再次征发长安六百里以内男女民工十四万五千人到长安筑城，工期三十天。	In the spring, the first month, there were again sent from [the region] within six hundred li of Ch'ang-an 145,000 men and women to build the city wall of Ch'ang-an. In thirty days they were dismissed.
夏，大旱。	当年夏季，发生大旱。	In the summer there was a great drought.
秋八月己丑，相国参薨。	秋八月，丞相曹参去世。	In the autumn, the eighth month, on [the day] chi-ch'ou, the Chancellor of State, [Ts'ao] Ts'an, died.
九月，长安城成。	九月，长安城全部竣工。	In the ninth month, the city wall of Ch'ang-an was completed.
赐民爵，户一级。	赏赐百姓爵位，每户一级。	[The Emperor] granted aristocratic ranks to the people, to each household one step.
六年冬十月辛丑，齐王肥薨。	惠帝六年（公元前189年）冬十月，齐王肥去世。	In the sixth year, in the winter, the tenth month, on [the day] hsin-ch'ou, the King of Ch'i, [Liu] Fei, died.
令民得卖爵。	皇帝下令百姓可以买卖爵位。	It was ordered that the people were to be allowed to sell noble ranks.
女子年十五以上至三十不嫁，五算。	女子年龄在十五岁以上至三十岁不出嫁的，罚款六百钱。	Girls who were in their fifteenth year and over, up to their thirtieth [year] and who were not married were [ordered to pay as a tax] five [times the] poll-tax.
夏六月，舞阳侯哙薨。	夏六月，舞阳侯樊哙去世。	In the summer, the sixth month, the Marquis of Wu-yang, [Fan] K'uai, died.
起长安西市，修敖仓。	兴建长安西市，修建敖仓。	The Western Market of Ch'ang-an was built and the Ao Granary was repaired.
七年冬十月，发车骑、材官诣荥阳，太尉灌婴将。	惠帝七年（公元前188年）冬十月，派车骑、材官到荥阳，由太尉灌婴指挥。	In the seventh year, in the winter, the tenth month, chariots, cavalry, and skilled soldiers were sent to go to Jung-yang, led by the Grand Commandant, Kuan Ying.
春正月辛丑朔，日有蚀之。	春季正月初一日，出现日食。	In the spring, the first month, on [the day] hsin-ch'ou, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun.
夏五月丁卯，日有蚀之，既。	夏季五月二十九日，出现日全食。	In the summer, the fifth month, on [the day] ting-mao, there was an eclipse of the sun and it was total.
秋八月戊寅，帝崩于未央宫。	秋季八月十二日，惠帝驾崩于未央宫。	In the autumn, the eighth month, on [the day] mou-yin, the Emperor died in the Wei-yang Palace.
九月辛丑，葬安陵。	九月五日，葬于安陵。	In the ninth month, on [the day] hsin-ch'ou, he was buried at the An Tomb.
赞曰：孝惠内修亲亲，外礼宰相，优宠齐悼、赵隐，恩敬笃矣。	班固评论：汉惠帝内亲宗室，外礼宰相，对齐悼王、赵隐王都予以优宠，可谓恩敬笃厚。	In eulogy we say: [Emperor] Hsiao-hui, in his family, cultivated the love of his relatives; in the state, he honored his Ruling Chancellors. He loved [King] Tao-[hui] of Ch'i, [Liu Fei], and [King] Yin of Chao, [Liu Ju-yi], most dearly. His kindness and his sense of respect were both deep indeed.
闻叔孙通之谏则惧然，纳曹相国之对而心说，可谓宽仁之主。	听到叔孙通的谏言就自感敬畏，接纳曹相国的建议就心中喜悦，可谓是宽厚仁慈的君主。	When he heard the admonition of Shu-sun T'ung, he was greatly dismayed. When he accepted the response of the Chancellor of State Ts'ao [Ts'an], he was glad at heart. He may be called a [most] generous and kindly ruler.
遭吕太后亏损至德，悲夫！	遭遇吕太后损害了他完美的品德，真是可悲啊！	He happened [upon a time when the state was ruled by] the Empress Dowager [née] Lü, who damaged and injured his perfect virtue. It was sad indeed.