文言文	现代汉语	English
纲字文纪，少明经学。	张纲字文纪。年轻时就通晓经学。	Zhang Gang's style name was Wenji.When he was young,healready fully understood the Classics.
虽为公子，而厉布衣之节举孝廉，不就。	虽然父亲官至三公，他却磨砺寒素的节操。	Although his father was one ofthe Three Dukes,he cultivated himself by living a simple,virtuous life.He was recommended as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate,but he did notaccept the position.
司徒辟高第，为御史。	被保举孝廉没有接受，司徒府以高第征召他担任侍御史。	Because he was ranked high on the candidates'list,the Minister of Education appointed him as Attendant Censor.
时顺帝委纵宦官，有识危心。	当时汉顺帝把政权交给宦官，有识之士担忧。	At thattime,Emperor Xian of Han entrusted imperial powers to eunuchs,whichgave reasons for many intellectuals to worry.
纲常感激，慨然叹曰：“秽恶满朝，不能奋身出命，埽国家之难，虽生，吾不	愿也。”	张纲常常感于时事而激愤，慨然叹息说：“小人充满朝廷，不能挺身献出性命，扫除国家的危难，即使活着，不是我的理想啊。”
退而上书曰：“《诗》曰：‘不愆不忘，率由旧章’寻大汉初隆，及中兴之世，文明二帝，德化尤盛。观其理为，易循易见，但恭俭守节，约身尚德而已。中官常侍，不过两人；近幸赏赐，裁满数金，惜费重人，故家给人足。夷狄闻中国优富，任信道德，所以奸谋自消，而和气感应。而顷者以来，不遵旧典，无功小人，皆有官爵，富之骄之，而复害之，非爱人重器，承天顺道者也。伏愿陛下少留圣思，割损左右，以奉天心。”	退而上书说：	“《诗经》说：‘不可差失，不可遗忘，都遵照旧的规制办事’自大汉刚刚建立到中兴以后，汉文帝、明帝两位皇帝，德政教化最为兴盛。考察他们的施为，容易遵循容易看到，不过是恭敬节俭遵守节度，约束自己崇尚道德而已。中官常侍也不过只有两个人，赏赐给亲近的幸臣仅仅只是几金，爱惜国家经费重视百姓，因此家给人足少数民族听说中国非常富裕，以德治国，所以他们的奸谋自然消除而和气感应。今年以来，朝廷不遵守旧的典制，没有功劳的小人都有官职有爵位，使他们富裕，宠爱他们，最后还是害了他们，这不是爱人民、重名器，遵循天道的做法啊。希望陛下稍微留意一下，减少宦官数量并降低他们的待遇，以顺应天意”
书奏不省	奏书报上去，皇帝不理会	The memorialwas submitted,but the emperor did not deign to take a look at it.
汉安元年，选遣八使徇行风俗，皆耆儒知名，多历显位，唯纲年少，官次最微。	汉安元年(公元142年),朝廷选拔并派遣八位使者巡视天下风俗，都是硕儒和知名之士，大多担任过大官，只有张纲年纪小，官位最低。	In the first year of the Han'an era(142),the imperial court selectedand sent eight envoys to inspect certain of the world's various customs.These people were all great Confucian scholars and famous elites.Allof them had been made high-ranking officials,among which ZhangGang was the youngest and the lowest in rank.
余人受命之部，而纲独埋其车轮于洛阳都亭，曰：“豺狼当路，安问狐狸?”遂奏曰：“大将军冀，河南尹不疑，蒙外戚之援，荷国厚恩，以刍荛之资，居阿衡之任，不能敷扬五教，翼赞日月；而专为封豕长蛇，肆其贪叨，廿心好货，纵恣无底，多树谄谀，以害忠良，诚天威所不赦，大辟所宜加也。谨条其无君之心十五事，斯皆臣子所切齿者也。”	其他人接到命令就各自到州部去了，惟独张纲却把车轮埋在洛阳都亭，说：“豺狼挡着路，何必去追究狐狸!”于是上奏说：“大将军梁冀，河南尹梁不疑，承蒙外戚的势力，受到国家的厚恩，没有才能，却居于宰相那样的地位，不能宣扬五伦之教，辅佐皇帝，却成为大豕长蛇，放纵贪心，喜欢聚敛财物，放纵恣睢像个无底洞，多安插一些溜须拍马的人为官，以陷害忠良之臣。确实是天威所不能宽赦，杀头之罪应该加在他们身上的啊。现在谨慎地记录他们心目中无视皇帝的十五件事，这些都是做臣子的所痛恨的事”	When these high-rankingofficials received their imperial orders,they immediately repaired to theirspecified regions and prefectures.Only Zhang Gang buried his wagon'swheels under a pavilion in Luoyang.He said,“When big jaguars andwolves are on the way,why should we investigate the small fox?”Thenhe submitted a memorial saying,"Grand General Liang Ji and Governorof Henan Liang Buyi wielded power through their relationship with theempress,and they received great rewards from our country.Not talentedbut holding positions as high as Counselor-in-chief,they are unableto promote the education of the five human relationships.Neither canthey assist Your Majesty.Like big pigs and long snakes,they indulgethemselves with greed and desire and take to collecting money and goodsfrom the people endlessly,which is like filling a bottomless hole withdirt.In hiring many people who know how to flatter them,they destroythe officials who are loyal and kind.Heaven cannot forgive any of thesebehaviors,and I wish these scoundrels would be punished by beheading.Now,I am carefully recording these fifteen things they have done todemonstrate how,within their hearts,they disregard Your Majesty.Thesecrimes are what I,your subject,hate the most."
书御，京师震竦。时冀妹为皇后，内宠方盛，诸梁姻族满朝，帝虽知纲言直，终不忍用	奏书递进去后，震动京师。当时，梁冀的妹妹是皇后，正受皇帝的宠爱，梁家亲戚宗族做官的充斥朝廷，皇帝虽然也知道张纲的话正直，但始终不忍心采纳他的说法对梁家下手	After the memorial wassubmitted,it shocked the entire capital.At that time,Liang Ji's youngersister was the empress,who was much favored by the emperor.Manypeople from the Liang family held official positions.The emperor knewthat Zhang Gang's admonitions were very honest and straightforward.Still,in the end,he was not harsh enough to adopt Zhang's ideas to dosomething about the Liang family.
时广陵贼张婴等众数万人，杀刺史、二千石，寇乱扬、徐间， 积十余年，朝廷不能讨。	当时，广陵贼寇张婴等部众几万人，杀刺史、二千石，扰乱扬州、 徐州之间，这样的情况已经有十多年，朝廷无力征讨	During that period,traitor Zhang Ying of Guangling and his more than ten thousand followers killed the Regional Inspector and officials with two thousand bushels.They had caused tremendous troubles in the regions of Yangzhou and Xuzhou for more than ten years.But the imperial court was unable to pacify them.
冀乃讽尚书，以纲为广陵太守，因欲以事中之 前遣郡守，率多求兵马，纲独请单车之职。	梁冀于是授意尚书，用张纲去担任广陵太守，想借此报复他。此前派遣的郡守， 都向朝廷请求给他很多兵马，惟独张纲请求单车上任。	Thus,Liang Ji suggested to Imperial Secretariat that he appoint Zhang Gang to be Governor of Guangling,intending to take advantage of this opportunity to revenge
既到，乃将吏卒十余人， 径造婴垒以慰安之，求得与长老相见，申示国恩。	到任以后，就带着官员士卒十多个人，直接来到张婴的根据地，安抚他们，请 求能跟张婴部下有名望的老人相见，宣示国家的恩德。	When he arrived in Guangling,he took a dozen or so subordinates and soldiers and went directly to Zhang Ying's base.He appeased Zhang Ying and his followers,requesting to meet with the well- respected elders who served under Zhang Ying in an attempt to convince them with the imperial kindness.
婴初大惊，既见纲诚信，乃出拜谒。	张婴开始大惊， 看到张纲的诚信后，于是出来拜谒张纲。	At first,Zhang Ying was stunned.But he came to accept Zhang Gang's sincerity,and thereafter visited and paid respects to Zhang Gang.
纲延置上坐，问所疾苦。	张纲请他上坐，问他们的 疾苦。	Zhang Gang offered Zhang Ying the seat of honor,asking him about his and his followers'sufferings and difficulties.
乃譬之曰：“前后二千 石多肆贪暴，故致公等怀愤相聚。二千石信有罪矣，然为之者又非义也。今主上仁圣，欲以文德服叛，故遣太守；思以爵禄相荣，不 愿以刑罚相加，今诚转祸为福之时也。若闻义不服，天子赫然震怒，荆、 扬、兖、豫大兵云合，岂不危乎?若不料强弱，非明也；弃善取恶， 非智也；去顺效逆，非忠也；身绝血嗣，非孝也；背正从邪，非直也； 见义不为，非勇也， ——六者成败之几，利害所从，公其深计之”	于是开导他们说：“前后几任太守多贪污暴虐，所以使你们怀 着愤怒相互聚集。太守的确是有罪的，但你们这样做也是非义之举。现在皇帝仁义圣明，想用文治道德招降反叛者，所以派我来，想用 官职俸禄给你们荣誉，不想用刑罚加到你们身上，现在的确是你们 转祸为福的机会啊。如果听到了仁义之声而不投降，天子一旦赫然 震怒，荆、扬、兖、豫四州大兵云集，你们的处境岂不是很危险了吗? 假如不对比强弱，这不是明；抛弃善的采取恶的，这不是智；不做 顺民而造反，这不是忠；自己死了而没有子孙继承血统，这不是孝； 违背正道跟从邪恶，这不是直；见义不为，这不是勇；这六个是成 败的关键，产生或利或害的根本，你好好考虑。”	Then,Zhang Gang said,"All the previous Governors were corrupt and cruel,which caused strife and made all of you hold grudges against the court.Indeed,these Governors were guilty,but what you have done is not righteous either.Now,our emperor is benevolent,righteous,and understanding.He wants to bring you into the fold,and influence you with the great example of his virtue and refinement.It is for this reason that he sends me here.He offers you official titles,salaries and honors.He pledges not to lay charges against you.Now is indeed your opportunity to turn your misfortune into fortune.If you fail to surrender upon hearing our emperor's kind request,his anger will bring all the armies of the four regions of Jingzhou,Yangzhou,Yanzhou,and Yuzhou upon you.Will you not find yourself in a dangerous plight then?If you cannot see the difference between the strong and the weak,then you are not bright.If you abandon benevolence and adopt malevolence,then you are not wise. If you don't want to be an obedient subject but wish instead to rebel, then you are not loyal.If you die and leave no descendents to preserve your family name,then you are not filial.If you betray the righteous way but follow an evil path instead,then you are not honest.And if you see what is right but you fail to do it,then you are not courageous.These six principles are the key points which will determine your success or failure, and they are the foundation for obtaining either great merit or harm.You should think seriously about what I have said."
婴闻，泣下曰：“荒裔愚人，不能自通朝廷，不堪侵枉，遂复相聚偷生，若鱼游釜中，喘息须臾间耳。今闻明府之言，乃婴等更生之晨也既陷不义，实恐投兵之日，不免孥戮。”	张婴听了，哭着说： “我是荒郊野外的笨人，没有办法联系并报告朝廷，忍受不了官吏的侵害，于是就做了强盗以苟活，好像鱼在釜中游，得过且过而已今天听了您的话，真是给我们一条活路啊。我们已经造反，真怕投 降之后，朝廷会杀了我们。”	Zhang Ying cried after hearing this and said,"I am a stupid man from some wild and deserted place.I have no way to report to the imperial court about our sufferings.Since I could not bear mistreatment and exploitation of the officials any longer,I became a bandit to beg for a meager survival just like a fish swimming at the bottom of a cauldron who can only breathe for a brief while.After hearing what you said today,I see a great opportunity to change our lives.However,we have already rebelled,and we are really afraid that the court will kill us if we surrender."
纲约之以天地，誓之以日月， 婴深感悟，乃辞还营。明日，将所部万余人，与妻子面缚归降。	张纲以天地为约定，对着日月发誓，张 婴感动觉悟，于是告辞回营。第二天，张婴带着他的部下一万多人 和他妻子儿女反绑着手投降张纲	Zhang Gang made a vow,pledging with all solemnity to the sincerity of the emperor's offer. Zhang Ying was moved,with his mind awakened.He said goodbye and returned to his base.The next day,he brought all his subordinates,a total of more than ten thousand,as well as his own wife and children,all bound their hands behind them,in surrender to Zhang Gang.
纲乃单车入婴垒，大会，置酒为乐，散遣部众，任从所之；亲为卜居宅、 相田畴；子弟欲为吏者，皆引召之。人情悦服，南州晏然	张纲于是乘单车到张婴的营垒里， 招集大家，设置酒宴庆祝，遣散部众，他们愿意到哪里都听他们的； 亲自为他们选择住宅，考察田地；他们的子弟想做小官吏的，都招用进来 民心安定，南方州部安宁无事	.Zhang Gang rode a carriage alone to Zhang Ying's camp and gathered them all.He held a banquet for them and celebrated with them.He dismissed the mass of subordinates,and let them choose wherever they wished to live.Zhang Gang himself selected residences and inspected lands on their behalf. If any of their offsprings wished to serve in local government,he hired them as petty officials.Everyone was greatly pleased,and they trusted Zhang Gang implicitly.There was never been any trouble reported in the southern regions again.
朝廷论功当封，梁冀遏绝乃止。天子嘉美，征，欲擢用纲，而婴等上书乞留，乃许之。	朝廷讨论张纲的功劳应该授封，梁冀阻挠，于是没有封张纲爵位 天子表扬他，召他回朝，想提拔任用他，而张婴等人上书请求朝廷 让张纲留任，皇帝同意了	The court discussed Zhang Gang's achievements,wishing to reward him,but Liang Ji interfered.Thus,Zhang Gang was not promoted to a higher rank.The emperor praised him and summoned him back to court. He wanted to promote Zhang Gang,but Zhang Ying and others submitted a memorial requesting that the court permit Zhang Gang to remain in the commandery.The emperor agreed.
纲在郡一年，年四十六，卒。百姓老幼相携， 诣府赴哀者不可胜数。	张纲在任一年，四十六岁去世 百姓不 分老幼都相互扶持着，到官府来哭吊的不可胜数。	Zhang Gang stayed in the same position in Guangling for one year,and he died at the age of forty-six. The local people,old and young,came to the governor's residence hand in hand.They cried aloud,paying their final respects to Zhang Gang. The number of mourners was legion.
纲自被疾，吏人咸为祠祀祈福，皆言“千秋万岁， 何时复见此君!”	自从张纲生病以来， 官吏百姓都为他祭祀求福，都说：“他死了以后，什么时候还见得到 像他这样的好官呢!”	Since Zhang Gang was ill,the local people had prayed for his health.They all said,"When would I be able to see another good official like him after he dies?”
张婴等五百余人，制服行丧，送到犍为，负土成坟 诏曰：“故广陵太守张纲，大臣之苗，剖符统务，正身导下，班宣德信， 降集剧贼张婴万人，息干戈之役，济蒸庶之困；未升显爵，不幸早卒 婴等缞杖，若丧考妣，朕甚愍焉!”拜纲子续为郎中，赐钱百万	张婴等五百多人为他服丧，并送丧到犍为郡， 为他建造了坟墓 皇帝下诏说：“已故广陵太守张纲，是朝廷大臣的 儿子，官至太守管理政务，自身正直领导百姓，宣布发扬朝廷德化， 招降大盗张婴等一万多人，战争停息，救百姓于困苦，还没有升任 高位，不幸早逝 张婴等人为他服缞执杖，像死了自己的父母一样， 我很哀伤!”授予张纲的儿子张续担任郎中，赏赐百万钱	”Zhang Ying and five hundred others wore mourning garments for him,and they accompanied the coffin to Jianwei Commandery and had a grave built for him.The emperor issued an edict noting,"The late Guangling Governor Zhang Gang was the son of an important minister,and he served in the position of governor,managing commandery affairs.He led with righteousness and honesty,and he promoted the virtuous education of our people. He helped us to make Zhang Ying and others,a total of more than ten thousand people,surrender their arms,so that the war was put to an end and the people were saved from further sufferings.Unfortunately he passed away at such an early age,before he was to be promoted to a higher position.Zhang Ying and many others wore mourning garments, and carried the mourning staff for him as if they were mourning their own parents.At this I am very saddened."The emperor then appointed Zhang Gang's son Zhang Xu to be Gentleman of the Interior,and rewarded him with one million in cash.