文言文	现代汉语	English
诸葛恪字元逊，瑾长子也。少知名。	诸葛恪字元逊，是诸葛瑾的长子。从小就有名气。	Zhuge Ke, also known as Yuanxun, was the eldest son of Zhuge Jin, and became known in his childhood.
弱冠拜骑都尉，与顾谭、张休等侍太子登讲论道艺，并为宾友。	刚刚成年就被任命为骑都尉，与顾谭、张休等人随侍太子孙登讲论学问和技能，同为太子的宾客朋友。	He was appointed cavalry captain at 20 and, with Gu Tan, Zhang Xiu and several others, served Crown Prince Sun Deng in his study of philosophy and literature, thus becoming one of his closest friends.
从中庶子转为左辅都尉。	后从中庶子转任左辅都尉。	Afterwards, he was promoted from Crown Prince’s attendant to left assisting captain of the Crown Prince Headquarters.
恪父瑾面长似驴，孙权大会群臣，使人牵一驴入，长检其面，题曰诸葛子瑜。	诸葛恪的父亲诸葛瑾脸长似驴，孙权曾大会群臣，让人牵一头驴进来，在驴脸上挂上长长的封缄，上题四字为诸葛子瑜。	Zhuge Jin, Zhuge Ke’s father, had a long face like a donkey. One day, Sun Quan met his officials in an assembly, and asked a man to lead in a donkey. He examined the face of the donkey for a while and then on the donkey’s face wrote four characters on a slip of paper: “Zhuge Ziyu”.
恪跪曰：“乞笔益两字。”因听与笔。	诸葛恪跪下说：“请给我一支笔增加两字。”孙权同意并给了他毛笔。	Zhuge Ke kneeled down and said, “Please give me a brush to add two characters.” Sun Quan agreed and gave him the brush.
恪续其下曰“之驴”。举座欢笑，乃以驴赐恪。	诸葛恪在封缄下边续写了“之驴”二字。在座的人无不欢笑，于是孙权把驴赐给诸葛恪。	Zhuge Ke wrote “’s donkey” below the name. Those present all laughed happily, and Sun Quan then gave the donkey to Zhuge Ke.
他日复见，权问恪曰：“卿父与叔父孰贤？”	某一天又是类似的群臣聚会场面，孙权问诸葛恪说：“你父亲跟你叔父相比谁更贤明一些？”	Another day Sun Quan saw Zhuge Ke again and asked him, “Who is more intelligent, your father or your uncle?”
对曰：“臣父为优。”	诸葛恪回答说：“我父亲贤明些。”	Zhuge Ke answered, “My father.”
权问其故，对曰：“臣父知所事，叔父不知，是以为优。”	孙权问他原因所在，他回答说：“我父亲知道该为谁做事，叔父却不知道，因此我父亲更加贤明些。”	Sun Quan asked the reason, and he replied, “My father knows whom he serves, but my uncle does not. That is why my father is more intelligent.”
权又大噱。命恪行酒，至张昭前，昭先有酒色，不肯饮，曰：“此非养老之礼也。”	孙权又大笑起来。他命诸葛恪依次斟酒，到张昭面前时，张昭先已有了醉意，不肯再饮，并且说：“这不是奉养老年人的礼节。”	Sun Quan again laughed happily and ordered Zhuge Ke to pour wine for those present. When he came before Zhang Zhao, Zhang Zhao looked drunk already, refused to drink more, and said, “This is not the ritual to care for an old man.”
权曰：“卿其能令张公辞屈，乃当饮之耳。”	孙权对诸葛恪说：“你若能让张公理屈辞穷，那样他就不得不喝下这酒了。”	Sun Quan said to Zhuge Ke, “If you can make Lord Zhang speechless, he will drink the wine.”
恪难昭曰：“昔师尚父九十，秉旄仗钺，犹未告老也。今军旅之事，将军在后，酒食之事，将军在先，何谓不养老也？”	于是诸葛恪诘难张昭说：“从前周太师姜尚已年满九十，还秉白旄而仗黄钺率师出征，尚且没有告老。如今带兵打仗的事，将军您在后，喝酒吃饭的事，将军您在前，怎么还能说不够敬奉老人呢？”	Then Zhuge Ke questioned, “In the ancient times when Jiang Shang was ninety years old, he could hold a banner, carry the yellow axe and lead his army on the expeditions, without retiring due to his old age. Nowadays in terms of leading soldiers into battle, you stay behind; in terms of eating and drinking, general, you are served first. How can you say that I am not treating an old man with respect?”
昭卒无辞，遂为尽爵。	张昭最终无话反驳，于是喝干了杯里的酒。	Zhang Zhao found no words to refute, and drank to the bottom of his bronze cup.
后蜀使至，群臣并会，权谓使曰：“此诸葛恪雅好骑乘，还告丞相，为致好马。”	后来蜀国的使者到来，群臣都来会见，孙权对蜀使说：“这位诸葛恪向来喜欢骑马，回去后告诉你们丞相，给他挑一匹好马送来。”	Later an envoy of the Shu Empire arrived, and all the officials were present, Sun Quan said to the envoy, “This Zhuge Ke has a hobby of riding a horse. When you return, tell your prime minister to choose a steed for him.”
恪因下谢，权曰：“马未至而谢何也？”	诸葛恪当即离席跪谢，孙权说：“马还没到你就谢什么恩呢？”	Zhuge Ke immediately left his seat and kneeled down to express thanks. Sun Quan asked, “The horse has not arrived yet. Why do you give your thanks?”
恪对曰：“夫蜀者陛下之外厩，今有恩诏，马必至也，安敢不谢？”	诸葛恪回答说：“蜀国是陛下在境外的马厩，今天既然下了恩诏，马是一定要送到的，我怎敢不谢恩呢？”	Zhuge Ke replied, “The Shu Empire outside is your majesty’s stable. Today with your decree, the horse will surely be sent here. How could I dare to not express my thanks?”
恪之才捷，皆此类也。权甚异之，欲试以事。令守节度。节度掌军粮谷，文书繁猥，非其好也。	诸葛恪的才思敏捷，都和上面例举的事情类似。孙权觉得他很不寻常，想用政务来测试他的实际才能。让他代理节度。节度掌管军队的粮草，公文繁多，不是他所喜欢的职务。	These dialogues were examples of Zhuge Ke’s nimble wits. Sun Quan thought that he was quite extraordinary and intended to test him with some administrative affairs, so he appointed him commander of the army provisions on probation. The commander was in charge of military provisions, and had to deal with trivial and heavy documents, which was not to his liking.
恪以丹杨山险，民多果劲，虽前发兵，徒得外县平民而已，其余深远，莫能禽尽，屡自求乞为官出之，三年可得甲士四万。	诸葛恪认为丹杨郡山高路险，百姓大多果敢强劲，尽管以前曾发兵清剿，但只搜得外围各县的平民而已，其余的人居住在僻远深山之中，没能一网打尽，为此他多次让自己出任丹杨郡官以便招引山居者出来，并说用三年时间就可以招募兵士四万人。	Zhuge Ke repeatedly pleaded for the position of the prefect of Danyang and promised to obtain forty thousand armored soldiers in three years because he thought that Danyang was an area of precipitous mountains, and people there were staunch and resolute. Although they had been suppressed before, the army had only caught some people living in the periphery of the counties. The majority of the people stayed in the remote and deep mountains, and the soldiers could not capture them.
众议咸以“丹杨地势险阻，与吴郡、会稽、新都、鄱阳四郡邻接，周旋数千里，山谷万重，其幽邃民人，未尝入城邑、对长吏，皆仗兵野逸，白首于林莽。	众人的议论都认为“丹杨郡地势险阻，又与吴郡、会稽、新都、鄱阳四郡相邻接壤，盘曲达数千里，山谷连绵万重，那些生活在深山老林里的人，从未进过城镇，没有见过什么地方长官，他们都手持兵器在野外游荡，终身不出山林。	The court officials in the discussion all believed, “Danyang is adjacent to the four prefectures of Wu, Kuaiji, Xindu and Poyang. Its terrain is risky with barriers and its periphery lasts over several thousand *li*. The mountains and valleys are numerous, and people live in the deep and unfathomable places, perhaps never having entered any town or city, or facing any official. They hold weapons in hand and wander in the wild, not leaving the mountains and forests for all their lives.
逋亡宿恶，咸共逃窜。	而逃亡元凶，也都一齐逃窜到那里。	The escaped arch-criminals all flee there.
山出铜铁，自铸甲兵。	山中又出产铜铁，得以自行制造铠甲器械。	The mountains produce bronze and iron, and people use them to make armors and weapons by themselves.
俗好武习战，高尚气力，其升山赴险，抵突丛棘，若鱼之走渊，猿狖之腾木也，	习俗爱好武功练习作战，推崇勇力，而登山赴险，穿越丛生荆棘，就像鱼游深渊那般自由，又正如猿猴爬树一样灵巧，	They are accustomed to martial arts and fighting, and recommend courage and strength. They climb mountains and risky barriers, and pass through throngs of thorns just as fish freely swim in the abyss, or gibbons and monkeys nimbly climb trees.
时观间隙，出为寇盗。	他们不时窥伺可乘之机，出山骚扰抢掠。	From time to time, they watched and waited for possible opportunities to harass or rob outside of the mountains.
每致兵征伐，寻其窟藏，其战则蜂至，败则鸟窜，自前世以来，不能羁也”。	官府没少发兵清剿，搜寻他们隐身的巢穴，而双方交战他们就蜂拥而来，一旦战败就像飞鸟一样逃逸四散，从前代以来，就没能对他们形成有效的控制”。	Every time the government troops went to eliminate them, seeking out their dens and caves, they fought like bees, swarming together suddenly. When they were defeated, they scattered quickly like birds. Since the last dynasty, they have not been controlled.”
皆以为难。	大家都以为诸葛恪的想法难以成为现实。	All thought the idea of conquering them was difficult.
恪父瑾闻之，亦以事终不逮，叹曰：“恪不大兴吾家，将大赤吾族也。”	诸葛恪的父亲诸葛瑾听说以后，也认为这种事情终究不会成功，他叹息道：“诸葛恪不能使我家光大兴旺，他是要让我们遭灭族之祸。”	When Zhuge Ke’s father, Zhuge Jin learned of this news, he also did not think the conquest would succeed in the end. He sighed and said, “Zhuge Ke can not bring my family fame or prosperity. Instead he brings with him a great bloody disaster.”
恪盛陈其必捷。	诸葛恪极力陈述自己必定获胜的理由。	Zhuge Ke vehemently claimed that he would certainly succeed.
权拜恪抚越将军，领丹杨太守，授棨戟武骑三百。	孙权任命诸葛恪为抚越将军，兼任丹杨太守，并授予他执缯衣木戟的勇武骑卒三百人充当前导仪仗。	Sun Quan appointed Zhuge Ke Yue Pacifying General and prefect of Danyang, and gave him the guard of honor for three hundred gallant cavalrymen holding wooden halberds in their hands and dressed in silk clothes.
拜毕，命恪备威仪，作鼓吹，导引归家，时年三十二。	任命仪式结束，孙权命诸葛恪整顿好仪仗队伍，擂鼓吹号，前呼后拥地回家而去，当时他三十二岁。	Sun Quan ordered Zhuge Ke to return home, following the guard of honor in the formal procession with drums beating and bugles blowing. This year he was 32 years old.
恪到府，乃移书四部属城长吏，令各保其疆界，明立部伍，其从化平民，悉令屯居。	诸葛恪来到丹杨郡设立营府，就发送公文给邻近四郡所属城镇的地方长官，让他们各自守卫辖地边界，明确建立部曲行伍，凡已归顺国家的平民，都让他们集中居住。	Upon assuming office, Zhuge Ke sent official documents to all neighboring counties and towns of the four prefectures, requiring each of them to defend their borders, to establish openly military units, and to order submitted people to live in concentration.
乃分内诸将，罗兵幽阻，但缮藩篱，不与交锋，候其谷稼将熟，辄纵兵芟刈，使无遗种。	然后部署诸将，指挥士兵扼守深险关隘，只管修缮防御设施，不跟山民交锋作战，等到他们种植的粮食即将成熟时，立即发兵收割，不给山民们留下一粒粮食种子。	After that, he deployed the commanders in organizing soldiers to hold the risky and precipitous passes, and to repair defensive constructions. He also ordered that they were not to fight with the mountain people. Once the crops were ripening, he ordered the soldiers to harvest them all, leaving the mountain people with no seeds.
旧谷既尽，新田不收，平民屯居，略无所入，于是山民饥穷，渐出降首。	旧粮已经吃完，新种的庄稼又颗粒无收，山外平民都已聚居自守，出来抢掠也一无所获，于是山民们陷入饥饿穷困的境地，慢慢地一拨接一拨地自动出山向官军投降。	The grain of the previous year had been consumed, and the new crops had been completely harvested, without a single grain left. People outside the mountains were living in well-guarded concentrated areas, so there was no possibility for the mountain people to rob grain. Consequently the starved and poor mountain people gradually came out of hiding to submit themselves.
恪乃复敕下曰：“山民去恶从化，皆当抚慰，徙出外县，不得嫌疑，有所执拘。”	诸葛恪又告诫下属说：“山民不再作恶而自行归顺，都应给予安抚存恤，把他们迁到外县定居，不能心存怀疑，而对他们有所捉拿扣押。”	Zhuge Ke again ordered his subordinates, stating, “The mountain people who give up commitment of evils and submit themselves to us should all receive consolation and be transferred to settle in other counties. They should not be doubted or taken into custody.”
白阳长胡伉得降民周遗，遗旧恶民，困迫暂出，内图叛逆，伉缚送言府。	白阳县长胡伉得到前来投降的周遗，周遗从前就是作恶的刁民，因艰难窘迫才姑且出山投降，内心深处还在图谋背叛，胡伉便把他绑送到营府并做了说明。	Hu Kang, magistrate of Jiuyang, received a surrendered man Zhou Yi. Zhou Yi was an evil man in the past, and was forced to surrender because of poverty. He still held a rebellious spirit. Hu Kang bound him up and sent him to the military office with an explanation.
伉违教，遂斩以徇，以状表上。	诸葛恪因为胡伉违反教令，于是将他斩首巡行示众，并陈述事由上表朝廷。	Zhuge Ke had Hu Kang’s head cut off and demonstrated it in a parade showing the consequences of violating his orders. He then reported his misdeed to the royal court.
民闻伉坐执人被戮，知官惟欲出之而已，于是老幼相携而出，岁期，人数皆如本规。	山民听说胡伉因为抓人的罪行被杀，明白官府只是要让大家出山生活而已，便都扶老携幼搬出深山，期满一年时，诸葛恪获得的人数全跟他原先规划的一样。	After people learned that Hu Kang was killed because he arrested a surrendered man, the people were assured that the government truly only expected people to come out. Because of this extreme action, the old and the young helped each other out of their hiding places. Just as planned, in a year’s time, Zhuge Ke obtained the number of people he promised.
恪自领万人，余分给诸将。	诸葛恪自留一万人，其余三万分派给诸将统领。	He left for himself ten thousand soldiers, and the rest were divided to fall under the orders of other commanders.
权嘉其功，遣尚书仆射薛综劳军。	孙权嘉奖诸葛恪的功勋，派尚书仆射薛综前去慰劳军队。	Sun Quan rewarded Zhuge Ke for his feats, and dispatched Xue Zong, vice minister of the Secretariat, to reward the whole army with food and drink.
综先移恪等曰：“山越恃阻，不宾历世，缓则首鼠，急则狼顾。	薛综先传递文书给诸葛恪等人说：“山越居民倚仗险阻，跨世历代不肯归服，面对招安动摇不定，大军迫近狼奔豕突。	Before Xue Zong arrived, he sent a letter to Zhuge Ke et al. It said, “The people of the Yue tribes in the mountains have relied on the risky barriers, and have not submitted themselves for ages. When the governments treated them leniently, they hesitated to submit; when the great armies approached them, they scattered like wolves for their lives.
皇帝赫然，命将西征，神策内授，武师外震。	皇上勃然大怒，决计派将西征，暗授神奇策略，军出威风远震。	The emperor flew into a rage and dispatched the general on a west punitive expedition. He secretly confided with the court his marvelous stratagems, and the military forces demonstrated their mighty power in the battlefields.
兵不染锷，甲不沾汗。	兵器不染血迹，铠甲不沾汗泥。	Weapons have not been stained with blood, and armors have not been covered in sweat.
元恶既枭，种党归义，荡涤山薮，献戎十万。	元凶斩首示众，党徒归附正义，清除山林祸患，进献十万战士。	The ferocious chieftains have been decapitated, and the people of the tribes have submitted themselves. Troubles have been eliminated in the mountains, and a hundred thousand soldiers have been recruited.
野无遗寇，邑罔残奸。	野外贼匪一个不剩，城镇没有残余奸人。	In the wilderness, there is not a bandit left. In towns, there is not an evil man uncaught.
既扫凶慝，又充军用。	凶徒顽敌统统肃清，官兵数量大幅递增。	All the ferocious enemies have been wiped out, and at the same time, there is a great increase of soldiers in the official army.
藜荼稂莠，化为善草。	曾是杂草危害庄稼，改恶从善利于人民。	Once they were weeds, detrimental to crops, and now they have abandoned evils, done good and brought benefits to people.
魑魅魍魉，更成虎士。	从前都是害人鬼怪，洗心革面勇武从军。	Previously, they were devils and monsters, but now they have proved to be courageous soldiers.
虽实国家威灵之所加，亦信元帅临履之所致也。	尽管诚然出于朝廷声威赫赫震慑，实在说也是多亏元帅亲临部署的巧思慧心。	Although it is an achievement that the powerful government acquired, surely the general commander’s practical operations gave a great help.
虽《诗》美执讯，《易》嘉折首，周之方、召，汉之卫、霍，岂足以谈？	即使《诗·小雅·出车》赞美抓俘讯问，《易·离》有对斩杀罪魁祸首的嘉庆，周朝有方叔、召伯虎那样的镇边猛将，汉朝有卫青、霍去病之类荡寇元勋，又岂可跟将军您绥靖一方的奇功相提并论？	The *Book of Poetry* praised the capture and interrogation of the enemy. The *Zhou Book of Change* celebrated the decapitation of the ferocious chieftain. In the Zhou Dynasty there were the border-stabilizing generals like Fangshu and Shao Bohu. In the Han Dynasty there were great enemy-conquerors like Wei Qing and Huo Qubing. How could they be compared with your merits?
功轶古人，勋超前世。	您的功绩凌驾古人，勋业超越前世贤明。	Your feats surpass that of the ancient people, and your meritorious services exceed that of all the superior men of the previous ages.
主上欢然，遥用叹息。	皇上为此喜悦无限，遥遥赞叹您的功勋。	Upon learning this news, the emperor was happy, and exalted you from afar.
感《四牡》之遗典，思饮至之旧章。	他感念《四牡》诗篇遗留下来的典章制度，思慕大将得胜凯旋告祭宗庙设宴欢庆的昔日典礼。	He emotionally recalled the rules and regulations from the poem “The Four Steeds”, and admired the past sacrificial ceremonies and banquets upon the generals’ triumphant return.
故遣中台近官，迎致犒赐，以旌茂功，以慰劬劳。”	所以派尚书省近侍官员，前来迎接并犒劳赏赐，从而表彰将军的盛大功绩，慰问您及将士们的勤劳。”	Therefore, the emperor dispatched his close official of the Secretariat to meet you on your return, to reward the troops with food and drink, to commend your great feats, and to convey his greetings and appreciation for the efforts made by you, your commanders and soldiers.”
拜恪威北将军，封都乡侯。	接下来举行仪式任命诸葛恪为威北将军，爵封都乡侯。	Sun Quan appointed Zhuge Ke North-intimidating General, and conferred on him Marquis of Duxiang.
恪乞率众佃庐江皖口，因轻兵袭舒，掩得其民而还。	诸葛恪请求率部到庐江皖口驻兵屯田，借机派轻装部队偷袭舒县，乘其不备抓获那里的居民得胜返回。	Zhuge Ke pleaded with Sun Quan to garrison his army and to grow crops in Wankou of Lujiang. He seized an opportunity and headed a lightly equipped troop to attack the Shu County by surprise. He captured some people there and returned.
复远遣斥候，观相径要，欲图寿春，权以为不可。	他又分派人员远出侦察，察看行军的必经要道，打算谋取寿春，而孙权没有批准这一军事行动。	Again, he sent soldiers on even longer distance to detect, and mark possible routes. He wanted to attack Shouchun; however, Sun Quan did not approve the action.